2022年经济学人 对抗反坦克武器的装备(1)（在线收听）

Science and Technology

科技版块

Anti-anti-tank weapons

反“反坦克”武器

The best defence is a good offence

进攻是最好的防御

How to protect tanks against cheap deadly missiles

如何保护坦克免受廉价、致命导弹的攻击

Russian tanks have been having a torrid time during the invasion of Ukraine.

在入侵乌克兰期间，俄罗斯坦克经历了一段艰难的时光。

According to Oryx, an open-source intelligence blog, at least 153 of them have been destroyed so far, along with 312 armoured vehicles.

根据开源情报博客Oryx的说法，到目前为止，至少有153辆坦克和312辆装甲车被摧毁。

(The figures for the Ukrainian side are 26 and 57 respectively.)

（乌克兰方面的数字分别为26和57。）

Many of these have been blown up by cheap anti-tank guided missiles (atgms) carried by Ukrainian infantry.

其中许多导弹被乌克兰步兵携带的廉价反坦克导弹(ATGM)炸毁。

Western countries have shipped thousands of such weapons to Ukraine, ranging from American Javelins via Swedish-designed nlaws to German-made Panzerfaust-3s.

西方国家已经向乌克兰运送了数千件这样的武器，从瑞典设计的美国反装甲标枪到德国制造的铁拳3。

The war has been a powerful demonstration of the threat they pose to modern armour, says Jon Hawkes, a land-warfare guru at Jane's, a British military intelligence firm.

英国军事情报公司简氏公司的陆战专家乔恩·霍克斯说，这场战争有力地证明了它们对现代装甲构成的威胁。

Some Russian tank drivers have resorted to welding scrap-metal cages to their vehicles in a dubious effort to add extra protection.

一些俄罗斯坦克司机为了增加额外保护，在他们的车辆上焊接废金属笼，这种方法靠不住。

It is ironic that atgms have proved so effective, since Russi -- and the Soviet Union before it -- was a pioneer of so-called “active protection systems” (apss) designed specifically to defeat them.

具有讽刺意味的是，事实证明反坦克导弹非常有效，因为俄罗斯——以及之前的苏联——是所谓的“主动防护系统”(apss)的先驱，专门设计来击败反导弹系统。

Unlike armour, which is intended to limit damage to a vehicle if it is hit, apss are there to stop missiles striking in the first place.

装甲旨在限制车辆在被击中时受到的损害，与装甲不同的是，APSS是为了在一开始就阻止导弹袭击。

Armies around the world are experimenting with, and deploying, them.

世界各地的军队都在试验和部署它们。

The war in Ukraine will add urgency to that task.

乌克兰的战争将增加这项任务的紧迫性。

Apss come in two varieties, dubbed “soft-kill” and “hard-kill”.

APSS有两种类型，分别称为“软杀”和“硬杀”。

Soft-kill systems divert a missile by interfering with its guidance systems--for instance, by dazzling them with infrared light or lasers.

软杀系统通过干扰导弹的制导系统来转移导弹的方向——例如，用红外光或激光使导弹眼花缭乱。

Hard-kill systems are intended to destroy missiles in flight.

硬杀系统旨在摧毁飞行中的导弹。

The war in Ukraine shows the limitations of the soft-kill approach, says Jack Watling of the Royal United Services Institute, a think-tank in London.

伦敦智库皇家联合军种研究所的杰克·沃特林表示，乌克兰战争显示了软杀方法的局限性。

“You need a good technical understanding of the system you're trying to defeat.”

你需要对你要击败的系统有很好的技术理解。

The potpourri of atgms fielded by Ukrainian soldiers comes with many different guidance systems.

乌克兰士兵配备了许多不同的制导系统。

Jamming all of them is impossible.

干扰所有系统是不可能的。