2022年经济学人 对抗反坦克武器的装备(2)（在线收听）

But hard-kill systems have problems, too.

但硬杀系统也有问题。

You need sophisticated radar to detect incoming missiles, and precise aim to hit them.

你需要先进的雷达来探测来袭的导弹，并精确瞄准以打击它们。

Anti-tank missiles travel at hundreds of metres a second, so quick reaction times are vital.

反坦克导弹以每秒数百米的速度飞行，因此快速反应时间至关重要。

The Soviet Drozd system, one of the first hard-kill apss, was initially deployed in the 1980s, in the wake of the ussr’s invasion of Afghanistan.

苏联的Drozd系统是最早的硬杀APSS之一，最初在1980年代部署，在苏联入侵阿富汗之后。

It fired shells full of shotgun-like pellets at incoming missiles.

它向来袭的导弹发射霰弹枪一样的子弹。

Afghanit, Drozd’s most recent successor, is built into Russia’s brand-new t-14 tanks.

Drozd的最新继任者Afghanit被安装在俄罗斯全新的t-14坦克中。

But Russia has struggled to construct enough of these.

但俄罗斯已经努力建造相当多的这些设施。

As best as analysts can tell, few apss-equipped tanks have so far been sent into Ukraine.

据分析人士所知，迄今为止，几乎没有带有APSS的坦克被派往乌克兰。

The army that is furthest along with hard-kill apss is Israel’s.

硬杀APSS使用最多的是以色列军队。

Its Trophy system is designed by Rafael, a firm in Haifa, and is fitted to the country’s Merkava tanks.

它的Trophy系统是由海法的拉斐尔公司设计的，并安装在该国的Merkava坦克上。

Trophy fires a tight spread of precisely aimed projectiles, the idea being to minimise the danger the system poses to nearby friendly infantry.

Trophy发射精确瞄准的密集炮弹，目的是将系统对附近友军步兵造成的危险降到最低。

Israel’s army claims that Trophy has defeated many anti-tank rocket attacks in Gaza—though Mr Hawkes notes that such attacks are probably from older, less sophisticated ATGMs.

以色列军方称，Trophy在加沙击败了许多反坦克火箭袭击——尽管霍克斯指出，这些袭击可能来自较老的、不太先进的反坦克导弹。

Trophy has attracted interest from abroad, too.

Trophy也吸引了国外的兴趣。

America and Germany have equipped some tanks with it and Britain is running trials.

美国和德国已经为一些坦克配备了它，英国正在进行试验。

There are downsides to such defences.

这样的防御措施也有不利之处。

Apss take up weight, space and power -- all precious commodities in a tank.

APSS占据重量、空间和动力——所有这些都是坦克的珍贵指标。

Western tanks, in particular, says Mr Watling, have little room to grow heavier without compromising performance.

沃特林表示，尤其是西方坦克，在不影响性能的情况下，几乎没有增加重量的余地。

And hard-kill systems may protect against only a handful of incoming rounds, since debris from a successful interception is likely to damage the delicate radar on which the system relies.

此外，硬杀系统可能只能抵御少数几发来袭的炮弹，因为成功拦截的碎片可能会损坏该系统所依赖的精密雷达设备。

Crafty enemies could rake tanks with machine-gun fire to disable this radar before the fact, says Mr Watling.

沃特林说，狡猾的敌人可以用机关枪扫射坦克，提前使雷达失效。

But a defence does not have to be perfect to be useful.

但防御系统并不一定非得完美才有用。

Mr Hawkes talks of multilayered, “onion-style” defences, in which screening infantry spot threats, smoke can obscure a tank’s location, and armour then protects the target if all else fails.

霍克斯谈到了多层“洋葱式”防御，在这种防御中，屏蔽步兵的现场威胁，烟雾可以掩盖坦克的位置，如果其他一切都失败了，装甲可以保护目标。

Russia’s experience in Ukraine suggests adding another layer to that onion could prove useful indeed.

俄罗斯在乌克兰的经验表明，在洋葱上再加一层可能确实有用。