英国卫报：独狼式恐怖分子的故事(7)（在线收听）

A third category is made up of attackers who strike alone, after having had close contact online, rather than face-to-face, with extremist groups or individuals.

第三类是在网上与极端主义团体或个人有过密切接触，而不是面对面接触后，单独发动袭击的人。

A wave of attackers in France last year were, at first, wrongly seen as lone wolves inspired rather than commissioned by Isis.

去年在法国发生的一波袭击事件，起初被错误地认为是受到伊希斯组织的启发而不是委托的独狼。

It soon emerged that the individuals involved, such as the two teenagers who killed a priest in front of his congregation in Normandy, had been recruited online by a senior Isis militant.

很快，人们发现，参与袭击的个人，如在诺曼底当着一名牧师的面杀害他的会众的两名青少年，是由一名资深的伊希斯武装分子在线招募的。

In three recent incidents in Germany, all initially dubbed lone-wolf attacks, Isis militants actually used messaging apps to direct recruits in the minutes before they attacked.

在最近发生在德国的三起事件中，最初都被称为独狼式袭击，伊希斯武装分子在袭击前的几分钟内实际上使用了信息应用来指导招募人员。

Pray that I become a martyr, one attacker who assaulted passengers on a train with an axe and knife told his interlocutor.

一位在火车上用斧头和刀袭击乘客的袭击者告诉他的对话者，祈祷我成为一名烈士。

I am now waiting for the train.

我现在在等火车。

Then: I am starting now.

然后：现在开始了。

Very often, what appear to be the clearest lone-wolf cases are revealed to be more complex.

很多时候，看似最明显的独狼案件，结果显示更加复杂。

Even the strange case of the man who killed 86 people with a truck in Nice in July 2016 C with his background of alcohol abuse, casual sex and lack of apparent interest in religion or radical ideologies C may not be a true lone wolf.

即使是2016年7月在尼斯用卡车杀死86人的男子，他的背景是酗酒、随意性行为以及对宗教或激进意识形态缺乏明显兴趣也可能不是真正的独狼。

Eight of his friends and associates have been arrested and police are investigating his potential links to a broader network.

他的八个朋友和同伙已经被逮捕，警方正在调查他与一个更广泛的网络的潜在联系。

What research does show is that we may be more likely to find lone wolves among far-right extremists than among their jihadi counterparts.

研究确实表明，我们在极右翼极端分子中发现独狼的可能性比在圣战分子中发现独狼的可能性要大。

Though even in those cases, the term still conceals more than it reveals.

尽管即使在这些情况下，这个词所掩盖的东西仍然多于它所揭示的。

The murder of the Labour MP Jo Cox, days before the EU referendum, by a 52-year-old called Thomas Mair, was the culmination of a steady intensification of rightwing extremist violence in the UK that had been largely ignored by the media and policymakers.

在脱欧公投前几天，工党议员乔-考克斯（Jo Cox）被52岁的托马斯-梅尔（Thomas Mair）谋杀，这是英国右翼极端主义暴力不断加剧的结果，而媒体和政策制定者在很大程度上忽视了这一情况。

According to police, on several occasions attackers came close to causing more casualties in a single operation than jihadis had ever inflicted.

据警方称，有几次，袭击者在一次行动中造成的伤亡接近于圣战分子所造成的伤亡。

The closest call came in 2013 when Pavlo Lapshyn, a Ukrainian PhD student in the UK, planted a bomb outside a mosque in Tipton, West Midlands.

最接近的一次是在2013年，在英国的乌克兰博士生帕夫洛-拉普申（Pavlo Lapshyn）在西米德兰郡蒂普顿的一座清真寺外放置了一枚炸弹。

Fortunately, Lapshyn had got his timings wrong and the congregation had yet to gather when the device exploded.

幸运的是，拉普申搞错了时间，装置爆炸时教徒们还没有聚集。

Embedded in the trunks of trees surrounding the building, police found some of the 100 nails Lapshyn had added to the bomb to make it more lethal.

警方在建筑物周围的树干上发现了拉普申在炸弹上添加的100枚钉子中的一部分，以使其更具杀伤力。

Lapshyn was a recent arrival, but the UK has produced numerous homegrown far-right extremists in recent years.

拉普申是最近才到英国的，但英国近年来已经产生了许多本土的极右翼极端主义分子。

One was Martyn Gilleard, who was sentenced to 16 years for terrorism and child pornography offences in 2008.

其中一个是马丁-吉拉德（Martyn Gilleard），他在2008年因恐怖主义和儿童色情罪被判处16年徒刑。

When officers searched his home in Goole, East Yorkshire, they found knives, guns, machetes, swords, axes, bullets and four nail bombs.

当警官搜查他在东约克郡古尔的家时，他们发现了刀、枪、砍刀、剑、斧头、子弹和四个钉子炸弹。

A year later, Ian Davison became the first Briton convicted under new legislation dealing with the production of chemical weapons.

一年后，伊恩-戴维森成为根据处理化学武器生产的新立法而被定罪的第一个英国人。

Davison was sentenced to 10 years in prison for manufacturing ricin, a lethal biological poison made from castor beans.

戴维森因制造蓖麻毒素而被判处10年监禁，蓖麻毒素是一种由蓖麻豆制成的致命生物毒药。

His aim, the court heard, was the creation of an international Aryan group who would establish white supremacy in white countries.

法庭获悉，他的目的是建立一个国际雅利安人团体，在白人国家建立白人至上主义。

Lapshyn, Gilleard and Davison were each described as lone wolves by police officers, judges and journalists.

警察、法官和记者将拉普申、吉拉德和戴维森描述为“独狼”。

Yet even a cursory survey of their individual stories undermines this description.

然而，即使对他们个人的故事进行粗略的调查也会破坏这种描述。