VOA教育报道2023 为什么美国学校要禁用人工智能软件ChatGPT?（在线收听）

Ask the new artificial intelligence (AI) tool ChatGPT to write about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it produce a school report in just a few seconds.

让新的人工智能工具ChatGPT来写美国内战的起因，你可以看到它在几秒钟内就能写出一份学校报告。

The technology is so good that it can write sentences like ones written by a human. And it is also free.

这项技术非常好，它能够写出像人写的句子一样的句子。而且它还是免费的。

The tool has been in use since November.

该工具自11月以来一直在使用。

But it is already raising tough questions about the future of AI in education, the tech industry, and a number of professions.

但它使得人们就有关人工智能在教育、科技行业和许多职业领域中的未来提出了尖锐的问题。

New York City school officials recently started blocking the writing tool on school devices and networks.

纽约市的学校官员最近开始禁止学生在学校设备和网络上使用该写作工具。

The decision by the largest school system in the United States could affect how other school systems deal with the technology.

美国最大的学校系统做出的这一决定可能会影响其他学校系统处理这项技术的方式。

Teachers are now trying to find out how to prevent students using the AI tool for cheating.

老师们目前正试图找出如何防止学生使用人工智能工具作弊的方法。

And the creators of ChatGPT also say they are looking for ways to detect misuse.

ChatGPT的创建者也表示，他们正在寻找检测该工具被滥用的方法。

ChatGPT launched last November as part of a larger set of technologies developed by the San Francisco-based company OpenAI.

ChatGPT于去年11月推出，是总部位于旧金山的OpenAI公司开发的一大套技术的一部分。

It is part of a new generation of AI systems that can have a discussion and create written work.

它是新一代人工智能系统的一部分，新人工智能系统可以进行讨论并创造书面材料。

It can even produce new images and video based on what it has learned from a large database of digital books, online writings and other media.

它甚至可以根据从数字图书、在线文字作品和其他媒体的大型数据库中了解到的信息来制作新的图片和视频。

But unlike previous AI tools known as "large language models," ChatGPT is available for free to anyone on the internet.

但与之前被称为“大型语言模型”的人工智能工具不同，ChatGPT对互联网上的任何人都是免费的。

It is also designed to be more user-friendly.

它还被设计得更趋于用户友好型。

It works like a written conversation between the AI system and the person asking it questions.

它的工作原理就像人工智能系统和向它提问的人之间的书面对话。

Millions of people have played with the tool over the past month.

在过去的一个月里，数百万人使用了这个工具。

They used it to write poems or songs.

他们用它来写诗或歌曲。

Some tried to trick it into making mistakes.

有些人试图骗它犯错误。

Others used it to write email.

其他人用它来写电子邮件。

All of those requests are helping it to get smarter.

所有这些要求都在帮助它变得更聪明。

Like similar systems, ChatGPT can produce strong writing.

与类似的系统一样，ChatGPT可以产生强大的写作能力。

But that does not mean what it says is factual or makes sense.

但这并不意味着它所说的是事实或有意义。

Its launch came with little guidance for how to use it.

它推出时几乎没有如何使用它的指引。

But the program will admit when it is wrong.

但当程序出错时，它会承认错误。

It will also question "incorrect premises" and reject requests meant to bring about offensive answers.

它还会质疑“不正确的前提”，并拒绝旨在导致冒犯性答案的请求。

Its popularity has led its creators to try to lower some people's expectations.

它的受欢迎程度使得它的创作者试图降低一些人的期望。

Sam Altman is the head of OpenAI.

萨姆·奥特曼是OpenAI的负责人。

He said on Twitter in December that ChatGPT is very limited, but good enough at some things to make people think it is great.

12月，他在推特上表示，ChatGPT非常有限，但在某些方面足够好，从而让人们认为它很棒。

He added that it should not be used for "anything important right now."

他还说，现在不应该用它来做“任何重要的事情”。

Many school systems in the U.S. are still deciding how to set policies on the use of AI programs and how they can be used.

美国的许多学校系统仍在决定如何制定人工智能程序的使用政策以及如何使用人工智能程序。

The New York City education department said it is restricting use of ChatGPT because it is worried about negative impacts on student learning, as well as "concerns regarding the safety and accuracy of content."

纽约市教育部门表示，由于担心ChatGPT对学生学习产生负面影响以及内容的安全性和准确性，他们正在限制使用ChatGPT。

But there is no stopping a student from using ChatGPT from home or on a personal device.

但这并不能阻止学生在家中或在个人设备上使用ChatGPT。

Jenna Lyle is a spokesperson for New York schools.

詹娜·莱尔是纽约学校的发言人。

She said the tool may be able to provide quick and easy answers to questions.

她表示，该工具可能能够快速地提供简洁的答案。

But she told The Associated Press: "it does not build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic and lifelong success."

但她告诉美联社：“它并不能培养学生的批判性思维和解决问题的能力，而这些能力则是学生取得学业和终身成功的关键。”

When VOA asked ChatGPT whether the program could be used to write school papers, it said that using it for writing papers is "cheating" and does not help the students.

当VOA询问ChatGPT该程序是否可以用来写学校论文时，ChatGPT表示，用它来写论文是“作弊”，对学生没有帮助。

ChatGPT then provided a very similar answer to Lyle's saying, "using such a tool doesn't build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills which are essential for academic and lifelong success."

ChatGPT随后给出了与莱尔说法相似的答案：“使用这样的工具并不能培养批判性思维和解决问题的技能，而这些技能对于学术和终身成功是至关重要的。”

The Associated Press asked ChatGPT how to know if something was written by a human or AI.

美联社询问ChatGPT如何辨别某篇文章是由人还是人工智能写的。

The program said, "To determine if something was written by a human or AI, you can look for the absence of personal experiences or emotions."

该程序称，“要确定某篇文章是由人还是人工智能写的，你可以寻找是否缺失个人经历或情感。”

It noted that AI writings could also contain unnecessary words or repeated sentences.

它指出，人工智能所写的作品也可能包含不必要的词汇或重复的句子。

In a human-written statement, OpenAI told the AP that it plans to work with educators as it learns how people are experimenting with ChatGPT in the real world.

在一份人写的书面声明中，OpenAI告诉美联社，它计划与教育工作者合作，了解人们在现实世界中是如何用ChatGPT做试验的。

"We don't want ChatGPT to be used for misleading purposes in schools or anywhere else, so we're already developing mitigations to help anyone identify text generated by that system," the company said.

该公司表示：“我们不希望ChatGPT在学校或其他任何地方被用于误导性目的，因此我们已经在开发缓解措施，以帮助任何人识别该系统生成的文本。”

I'm Dan Novak.

丹·诺瓦克为您播报。