VOA新闻杂志2023 美国金融官员接管两家倒闭银行（在线收听）

President Joe Biden told Americans Monday that the nation's financial system is safe. Biden made the comments after the collapse of two large banks with ties to the computer technology industry.

拜登周一对美国人表示，美国的金融体系稳如泰山。拜登是在两家深耕计算机行业的大型银行倒闭后发表此番言论的。

U.S. regulators closed the Silicon Valley Bank on Friday after a run on the bank. A bank run happens when too many account holders withdraw their money at the same time and the bank cannot honor their requests. The bank's failure is the second largest in U.S. history, after the 2008 failure of Washington Mutual, based in Seattle.

在硅谷银行遭遇挤兑之后，美国监管机构于周五关闭了这家银行。当太多储户同时取款而银行无法满足他们的要求时，就会发生银行挤兑。该银行的破产是美国历史上第二大破产，仅次于2008年总部位于西雅图市的华盛顿互惠银行的破产。

New York-based Signature Bank failed on Monday. The bank had more than $110 billion in assets. That makes its failure the third largest in U.S. history.

总部位于纽约市的签名银行周一倒闭。该银行拥有超过1100亿美元资产。这使其成为美国历史上第三大破产。

Biden said he would seek to hold those responsible accountable. He also called for better oversight and regulation of large banks. He promised no losses would be paid for by taxpayers.

拜登表示他将追究相关人士的责任。他还呼吁加大对大型银行的监督和监管。他承诺不用纳税人承担任何损失。

"We must get the full accounting of what happened," he said.

他说：“我们要听到对所发生事情的全面解释。”

Biden also said the supervisors of the banks should be removed. "If the bank is taken over by the FDIC, the people running the bank should not work there anymore," he said. Biden was talking about the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. That agency guarantees bank deposits of member banks up to $250,000.

拜登还表示应该开除银行管理人员。他说：“如果银行被FDIC接管，银行的管理人员就不应该再在那里工作了。”拜登说的FDIC是指联邦存款保险公司。该机构为成员银行的银行存款提供高达25万美元的担保。

The Treasury Department, the U.S. Federal Reserve and FDIC said Sunday that all Silicon Valley Bank members would be protected and would be able to get their money.

美国财政部、美联邦和联邦存款保险公司周日表示，所有硅谷银行的客户都将得到保护，并能够取出他们的资金。

Under the plan, account holders at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank will be able to withdraw their money on Monday. That includes those whose holdings are over the $250,000 limit. News reports say many of the bank's account holders had more than the amount guaranteed by the government.

根据该计划，硅谷银行和签名银行的储户将可以在周一取款。这包括那些存款超过25万美元上限的人士。新闻报道称，该银行很多储户持有的存款超过了政府担保的金额。

Silicon Valley Bank began to fail when it had to sell some of its holdings at a loss to meet its customers' withdrawal requests. Under the central bank's new program, banks can offer certain investments as collateral to borrow for an emergency.

当硅谷银行不得不亏本出售部分股份以满足客户的提款要求，该银行开始倒闭。根据美联储的新计划，银行可以提供某些投资品作为紧急情况下借款的抵押品。

The Treasury said it had set aside $25 billion to deal with losses. However, central bank officials said that they do not expect to have to use any of that money. That is because the investments provided as collateral have a very low risk of default.

美国财政部表示，已经预留了250亿美元用于应对损失。然而，美联储官员表示，他们预计不必动用这些资金。这是因为作为抵押品提供的投资违约的风险非常低。

Sunday's steps represented the biggest government intervention in the banking system since the 2008 financial crisis. But the actions are limited compared with what was done 15 years ago.

周日的举措是2008年金融危机以来政府对银行系统的最大干预。但与15年前相比行动有限。

Bank stocks continued to drop in value on Monday. Some investors are worried that interest rate increases might hurt the banking industry.

周一，银行股继续下跌。一些投资者担心加息可能会损害银行业。

The most pressure is on regional banks. They are smaller than very large banks that some people consider "too-big-to-fail." Problems at big banks helped cause the financial crisis in 2007 and 2008.

压力最大的是地方银行。它们比一些人们认为“大到不能倒”的大型银行要小得多。大银行的问题导致了2007年和2008年的金融危机。

Shares of another California bank, First Republic Bank, dropped 64.1 percent at the start of trading on Monday. The bank said Sunday it had strengthened its finances with money from the Federal Reserve and JPMorgan Chase Bank.

加州另一家银行，第一共和银行股价周一开盘时下跌了64.1%。该银行周日表示，已经利用美联储和摩根大通银行的资金加强了财务状况。