VOA时事新闻2023 特朗普并不是美国第一位面临法律问题的前总统（在线收听）

Former American President Donald Trump is expected to appear Tuesday before a New York State judge to answer his indictment.

美国前总统唐纳德·特朗普预计将于周二在纽约州法官面前就针对他的指控做出回应。

A grand jury voted last week to indict, or charge, Trump with a crime or crimes.

上周，一个大陪审团投票决定以一项或多项罪行起诉特朗普。

The vote came after the grand jury heard evidence related to payments made to adult movie actress Stormy Daniels during the 2016 presidential campaign.

此前，大陪审团听取了与2016年总统竞选期间向成人电影女演员斯托米·丹尼尔斯支付款项有关的证据。

Trump also faces other legal problems after he launched a third campaign for the presidency.

在发起第三次总统竞选后，特朗普还面临着其他法律问题。

The U.S. Justice Department is investigating the treatment of top-secret government documents when Trump left the White House in 2021.

美国司法部正在调查特朗普2021年离开白宫时对政府绝密文件的处理情况。

Federal investigators are also looking into Trump's possible responsibility in the violent attack on the U.S. Capitol building on January 6, 2021.

联邦调查人员还在调查特朗普在2021年1月6日美国国会大厦暴力袭击事件中可能承担的责任。

In the southern state of Georgia, the Fulton County District Attorney's office has been investigating whether Trump and his allies illegally interfered in the 2020 election.

在南部的佐治亚州，富尔顿县地区检察官办公室一直在调查特朗普及其盟友是否非法干预了2020年大选。

However, Trump is not the first U.S. president, in or out of office, to have faced legal trouble.

然而，特朗普并不是第一位面临法律麻烦的美国总统，无论是在任的还是下台的。

Several others have in U.S. history.

在美国历史上，还有其他几个总统也曾面临法律问题。

During his presidency, Trump was impeached two times.

在担任总统期间，特朗普曾两次被弹劾。

The first time was over his dealings with Ukraine.

第一次是因为他与乌克兰的交易。

The second time was over actions that led to the January 6 attack at the U.S. Capitol.

第二次是针对导致1月6日美国国会大厦袭击事件的行动。

But the dishonor of being the first impeached president belongs to Andrew Johnson in 1868.

但第一位被弹劾的总统的耻辱属于1868年的安德鲁·约翰逊。

During the years immediately following the Civil War, President Andrew Johnson clashed repeatedly with the Republican-controlled Congress over the reconstruction of the defeated South.

在南北战争结束后的几年里，安德鲁·约翰逊总统在重建战败的南方问题上多次与共和党控制的国会发生冲突。

Johnson was a member of the Democratic Party.

约翰逊是民主党成员。

The House of Representatives voted to impeach Johnson, but the Senate did not have the two-thirds majority required to remove Johnson from office.

虽然众议院投票弹劾约翰逊，但在参议院投票中要求罢免约翰逊的票数并没有达到所需的三分之二。

In 1998, Bill Clinton became the second American president to be impeached for lying under oath and obstructing an investigation related to his sexual relations with Monica Lewinsky, a White House aide.

1998年，比尔·克林顿成为第二位被弹劾的美国总统，因为他在宣誓后撒谎，并阻碍与他和白宫助理指莫尼卡·莱文斯基发生性关系相关的调查。

The investigation grew out of unrelated scandals from before Clinton's time in the White House.

这项调查源于克林顿入主白宫之前的一些无关丑闻。

They were a land deal in Arkansas known as Whitewater and a sexual harassment case brought by Paula Jones.

它们是阿肯色州的一宗土地交易，即白水事件，以及保拉·琼斯提起的性骚扰案件。

Clinton's law license in his native state of Arkansas was suspended for five years after he reached a deal at the end of his second term in office.

克林顿在他的家乡阿肯色州的法律执照被暂停五年，因为他在第二个任期结束时达成了一项协议。

In 1974, former President Richard Nixon might have avoided criminal charges related to the Watergate scandal when then-President Gerald Ford pardoned him just weeks after Nixon resigned.

1974年，前总统理查德·尼克松本可以避免与水门事件有关的刑事指控，当时的总统杰拉尔德·福特在尼克松辞职几周后赦免了他。

Nixon resigned following the discovery of recordings showing that he had ordered a cover-up of the 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington.

有录音显示，他曾下令掩盖1972年其竞选团队闯入位于华盛顿水门大厦的民主党全国委员会总部的事实。

By 1974, the Watergate scandal had expanded beyond the break-in.

到1974年，水门事件已经超出了非法闯入的范畴。

Many of Nixon's top aides stepped down and some were sentenced to prison.

尼克松的许多高级助手下台，有些人被判入狱。

Nixon himself was a possible target of the Watergate special counsel, a special investigator appointed by the government.

尼克松本人可能是水门事件特别顾问的目标，水门事件特别顾问是政府任命的特别调查员。

Ford said that an "indictment, a trial, a conviction, of Nixon" would have distracted the country from more immediate problems.

福特说，“对尼克松的起诉、审判、定罪”会分散国家对更紧迫问题的注意力。

John A. Farrell wrote Richard Nixon: The Life, a prize-winning book published in 2017.

约翰·法雷尔于2017年出版了获奖作品《理查德·尼克松：一生》。

He said, "There were partisans in Congress and on the special counsel's staff who would have liked to see Nixon indicted after the resignation — or at least believed that the pardon was premature."

他说：“在国会和特别顾问的工作人员中，有一些人希望看到尼克松在辞职后被起诉——或者至少认为赦免还为时过早。”

Farrell noted that Nixon was so worried about his legal trouble that it affected his health.

法雷尔指出，尼克松非常担心自己的法律问题，进而影响了他的健康。

He added, "His very worried family reached out to the White House, alerting Ford's aides of the ex-president's deteriorating condition."

他补充道，“他非常担心的家人联系了白宫，提醒福特的助手注意这位前总统的病情恶化。”

Some historians wonder about President Warren Harding's fate had he not died in office, in 1923.

一些历史学家想知道，如果沃伦·哈丁总统没有在1923年去世，他的命运会是怎样的。

"The walls were closing in on him," presidential historian Douglas Brinkley said of Harding.

总统历史学家道格拉斯·布林克利在谈到哈丁时说：“围墙正在向他逼近。”

Several officials around him were charged with crimes related to corrupt land dealings known as the Teapot Dome Scandal.

他身边的几名官员被控与茶壶山丑闻案的腐败土地交易有关的罪行。

His Interior Secretary Albert B. Fall was the first Cabinet officer convicted and sent to prison for accepting illegal payments.

他的内政部长艾伯特·法尔是第一位因收受非法贿赂而被定罪入狱的内阁官员。

Nixon and Harding faced major scandals without being charged.

尼克松和哈丁在没有受到指控的情况下面临重大丑闻。

Ulysses Grant was a general and hero of the American Civil War.

尤利西斯·格兰特是一位将军，也是美国内战的英雄。

But members of his presidential administration were involved in many different kinds of financial wrongdoing.

但他的总统政府成员卷入了许多不同类型的金融不当行为。

Grant himself was caught for minor offenses.

格兰特本人也因轻微罪行而被捕。

In 1872, during his first term, he was stopped twice for riding his horse carriage too fast.

1872年，在他的第一个任期内，他曾两次因骑马太快而被拦下。

"The second time Grant had to pay a $20 fine, but never spent a night in jail," says historian Ron Chernow.

历史学家罗恩·切尔诺说：“格兰特不得不第二次支付20美元的罚款，但从未在监狱里待过一晚。”

His book about Grant's life was published in 2017.

他关于格兰特生平的书于2017年出版。

I'm Dorothy Gundy.

多萝茜·冈迪为您播报。