VOA今日美国2023 美墨边境移民需要心理健康治疗（在线收听）

Many migrants are arriving at the U.S.-Mexican border in need of medical and mental health treatment.

许多抵达美墨边境的移民需要接受医疗和心理健康治疗。

Doctors, social workers, shelter directors, clergy and law enforcement officials say growing numbers of migrants have experienced or witnessed violence.

医生、社会工作者、收容所负责人、神职人员和执法官员表示，越来越多的移民经历或目睹了暴力。

Dr. Brian Elmore volunteers at a health center in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.

布赖恩·埃尔莫尔博士在墨西哥华雷斯的一家健康中心做志愿者。

The city is on the U.S.-Mexico border.

这座城市位于美墨边境。

Elmore has treated about 100 migrants for viruses affecting the lungs and some for emergencies.

埃尔莫尔已经治疗了大约100名肺部感染病毒的移民，还治疗了一些急救病人。

But he said trauma worries him the most.

但他说，创伤是他最担心的事情。

"Most of our patients have symptoms of PTSD — I want to initiate a screening for every patient," said Elmore who is an emergency doctor at Clinica Hope.

希望诊所的急诊医生埃尔莫尔说：“我们的大多数患者都有创伤后应激障碍的症状——我想为每个患者进行一次筛查”。

PTSD stands for post-traumatic stress disorder.

PTSD是创伤后应激障碍的缩写。

It is a condition of extreme tension caused by a shocking or severe event in the past.

这是一种由过去发生的令人震惊或严重的事件导致的极度紧张的状态。

But there are few resources for this kind of care.

但用于治疗这种障碍的资源很少。

Shelters have been flooded by new arrivals and migrants who have been in Ciudad Juarez for months.

收容所里挤满了新移民和在华雷斯待了几个月的移民。

Only the most severe cases are treated.

只有最严重的病例才会得到治疗。

"Like a pregnant 13-year-old who fled gang rapes, and so needs help with childcare and middle school," said Zury Reyes Borrero.

祖里·雷耶斯·博雷罗说：“就像一个在逃离轮奸的怀孕的13岁女孩在照顾孩子和上中学方面需要帮助。”

Borrero works in Arizona with the Center for Victims of Torture.

博雷罗在亚利桑那州的酷刑受害者中心工作。

He said he visited such a girl when she gave birth.

他说，当这样一个女孩分娩时，他去探望了她。

"We get people at their most vulnerable," he said.

他说：“我们在人们最脆弱的时候帮助他们”。

In the past six months, Reyes Borrero and a coworker have worked with about 100 migrants in Catholic Community Services' Casa Alitas.

在过去的六个月里，雷耶斯·博雷罗和一名同事在天主教社区服务机构Casa Alitas为大约100名移民服务。

It is a shelter in Tucson, Arizona.

这是亚利桑那州图森市的一个收容所。

In December, Casa Alitas was receiving about 700 people daily released by U.S. officials.

去年12月，Casa Alitas每天接收约700名美国官员释放的人。

They came from countries including Congo and Mexico.

他们来自刚果和墨西哥等国。

Each visit can take hours, as the case workers try to build trust with migrants, Reyes Borrero said.

雷耶斯·博雷罗说，每次探访可能需要几个小时，因为病例工作人员试图与移民建立信任。

Most migrants are traumatized by what they left behind or what they saw on their trip, said Leonce Byimana.

莱昂斯·比马纳说，大多数移民都因他们在旅途中遗失的东西或看到的东西而受到创伤。

He is director of U.S. clinical services for the Center for Victims of Torture.

他是美国酷刑受害者中心临床服务部的负责人。

He said the migrants need "first-aid mental health" as well as long-term care that is even harder to get once they leave the shelters.

他说，移民需要“急救心理健康”以及长期护理，而一旦他们离开收容所，就更难获得长期护理。

Left untreated, trauma can get worse to the point where it requires psychiatric care instead of treatment and self-help, said Dylan Corbett.

迪伦·科比特说，如果不及时治疗，创伤可能会恶化到需要精神治疗而不是诊治和自助。

He is the Hope Border Institute's director, the group that operates Clinica Hope.

他是希望边境研究所的主任，该组织负责运营希望诊所。

Reports say there has been an increase in pregnant women and girls in the border area.

报道称，边境地区的孕妇和女孩人数有所增加。

Some are victims of attacks.

有些人是袭击的受害者。

Some are younger than 15.

有些人还不到15岁。

Volunteers and activists have used limited legal, medical and other resources to help these victims.

志愿者和活动人士利用有限的法律、医疗等资源来帮助这些受害者。

The situation has left hundreds of other victims of political violence and organized crime without help.

这种情况使得数百名政治暴力和有组织犯罪的受害者得不到帮助。

In many cases, forensic tests at border medical centers that aim to record mental and physical abuse are very important to migrants' asylum cases.

在许多情况下，边境医疗中心旨在记录精神和身体虐待的法医检验对移民庇护案件非常重要。

Byimana said often no other evidence is available for courts to make asylum decisions.

比马纳说，法院通常没有其他证据来做出庇护决定。

Asylum is given to those who cannot return to their countries for fear of harm or violence.

庇护是为那些因害怕受到伤害或暴力而无法返回自己国家的人提供的。

That can include violence against women.

这可能包括对女性的暴力行为。

But it takes years for asylum cases to be decided in U.S. immigration court.

但美国移民法庭需要数年时间才能对庇护案件做出裁决。

Syracuse University's Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse, an information center, said more than 1.5 million people are waiting for their cases to be heard.

雪城大学交易记录访问信息交换中心表示，超过150万人正在等待他们的案件得到审理。

Activists say a long wait for asylum and a long trip through many countries can worsen the trauma that migrants experience.

活动人士表示，漫长的等待庇护和穿越许多国家的长途旅行可能会加剧移民所经历的创伤。

Sarah Howell treats migrants suffering from problems in Houston, Texas.

萨拉·豪厄尔在得克萨斯州休斯敦治疗有问题的移民。

She has been studying trauma and forced migration for 15 years.

15年来，她一直在研究创伤和被迫移民。

"There's a different tension and fear in faces than I've seen before," she said.

她说：“他们脸上显露的紧张和恐惧与我以前见过的不一样”。

I'm Dan Novak.

丹·诺瓦克为您播报。