VOA今日美国2023 鼓励生育的政策真的能提高生育率吗?（在线收听）

China's government has given specific guidelines for citizens in an effort to increase the country's birth rate.

为了提高中国的出生率，中国政府已经为公民制定了具体的指导方针。

A series of proposals were made earlier this month at China's yearly People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

本月早些时候，在一年一度的中国人民政治协商会议上代表们提出了一系列建议。

The guidelines include giving government assistance to families raising their first child, expanding free public education, and improving the availability of fertility treatments.

这些指导方针包括为养育第一个孩子的家庭提供政府援助，扩大免费公共教育范围，以及提升生育治疗的可获得性。

One CPPCC member, Jiang Shengnan, suggested that young people work only eight hours per day so they will have time to "fall in love, get married and have children."

全国政协委员蒋胜男建议年轻人每天只工作8小时，这样他们就有时间“谈恋爱、结婚、生孩子”。

China enforced a one-child policy from 1980 to 2015.

中国从1980年到2015年实施了独生子女政策。

The government raised the limit to three children in 2021, but couples are still not having children.

中国政府在2021年将生育数量上限提至3个，但夫妇们仍然没有生孩子。

Even in recent years during the COVID-19 pandemic, many couples put off having babies.

即使在最近几年的新冠疫情期间，许多夫妇也推迟了生孩子。

Official data from last year showed China's population shrinking for the first time in 60 years.

去年发布的官方数据显示，中国人口60年来首次出现萎缩。

Young people say high childcare and education costs are the main reasons they choose not to have children.

年轻人表示，高昂的育儿和教育成本是他们选择不生孩子的主要原因。

Other reasons include low earnings, weak social policies and inequality between men and women.

其他原因还包括收入低、社会政策弱以及男女不平等。

Xiujian Peng is a researcher at the Centre of Policy Studies at Australia's Victoria University.

彭秀健是澳大利亚维多利亚大学政策研究中心的研究员。

She told Reuters news agency it is very difficult to change behaviors related to birth rates.

她告诉路透社，很难改变与出生率相关的行为。

"But without any fertility encouragement policy, then fertility will decline even further," she said.

她说：“但如果没有生育鼓励政策，生育率将会进一步下降”。

Offering incentives to have a first child might persuade couples to have at least one child, Peng said.

彭秀健说，采取鼓励生育第一个孩子的措施可能会说服夫妇至少生一个孩子。

Many local governments only provide assistance for second and third children.

许多地方政府只对二胎和三胎提供补助。

To help ease the pressure on young families, China's National Health Commission recently proposed new rules.

为了帮助缓解年轻家庭的压力，中国国家卫生健康委员会最近提出了新的规定。

Among them is a policy that would permit day care operations to accept as many as five children from a family who are up to three years old.

其中一项政策允许日托机构接收3岁以下的孩子，人数不超过5人。

Last year, China's birth rate fell to 6.77 births per 1,000 people.

去年，中国的出生率降至6.77‰。

That was down from 7.52 births in 2021, the lowest on record.

这一数字低于2021年的7.52‰，是有记录以来的最低水平。

Population experts have warned that China will get older before it gets rich.

人口专家警告称，中国将会“未富先老”。

This will lead to a smaller workforce and could cause local governments to spend more on their older citizens.

这将会导致劳动力减少，并可能会导致地方政府在老年人身上投入更多资金。

Another proposal would remove all family planning measures, including the three children limit and a requirement for women to be legally married to register their children.

另一项提案建议取消所有计划生育措施，包括放宽三个孩子的限制以及要求女性必须合法结婚后才能为子女登记。

Arjan Gjonca is a professor at the London School of Economics.

阿尔然·贡贾是伦敦经济学院的教授。

He told Reuters he thinks financial incentives are not enough.

他告诉路透社，他认为经济激励还不够。

He suggested that policies centered on gender equality and better employment rights for women would be more effective.

他建议，实施以性别平等和提高女性就业权利为中心的政策将会更加有效。

I'm Bryan Lynn.

布莱恩·林恩为您播报。