VOA新闻杂志2023 乌克兰人长途跋涉逃离战乱（在线收听）

For Rima Yaremenko, the 5,000-kilometer journey to escape Russian occupation ended within sight of where it started. The 68-year-old Ukrainian woman crossed three countries over six days only to settle across the river from her seized hometown.

对里马·亚勒缅科来说，为逃离俄罗斯占领所进行的5000公里旅程在起点附近结束。这名68岁的乌克兰妇女在6天内穿越了三个国家，却在被占领的家乡的河对岸定居了下来。

She came a long way by bus through Russia, Latvia, and Poland to be this close. From the Ukrainian-controlled city of Kherson, where she now lives, the outline of Oleshky can be seen. But the community with a prewar population of 25,000 may as well be a world away.

她乘巴士穿越俄罗斯、拉脱维亚和波兰，走了很远的路，才走到这么近的地方。从她现在居住的乌克兰控制的赫尔松市可以看到奥列什基的轮廓。但这个战前人口为25000人的社区可能已经遥不可及。

Yaremenko lived under Russia's rule for 15 months. She dealt with the sounds of war just to be near her home. In June, the destruction of the Kakhovka Dam caused massive flooding and reduced her home to dirt.

亚列缅科在俄罗斯统治下生活了15个月。她忍受战火，只是为了离家近一点。6月，卡霍夫卡大坝被毁，引发了大规模洪水，她的家也被夷为平地。

She faced a difficult choice: Be homeless as the war continues nearby or take the only way out – a long and unclear journey through Russia. "We didn't want to go, but once we were flooded, I decided there's nothing to stay for," she said.

她面临着一个艰难的选择：要么在周边战火持续中无家可归，要么选择唯一的出路——穿越俄罗斯漫长而又未知的旅程。她说：“我们本来不想去，但当我们被洪水淹没，我就判定没有什么可以期待的了。”

Hundreds of others left too. They left their flooded homes to travel long distances of occupied land, past checkpoints, and through Russian cities, all to reach the borders of the European Union.

还有数百人也离开了。他们离开了被洪水淹没的家园，在被占领的土地上长途跋涉，经过检查站，穿过俄罗斯城市，这一切只为了抵达欧盟边境。

Now beyond the reach of Russian officials, escapees told The Associated Press about their lives under Russian occupation and their escape.

现在，在脱离俄罗斯官员控制的情况下，逃亡者向美联社讲述了他们在俄罗斯占领下的生活以及他们的逃亡。

Continuous shelling became too much for those already struggling with homelessness and limited drinking water. Most did not have the money to rebuild. Occupation officials offered $100 to deal with the flooding.

对于那些已经面临无家可归和饮用水缺乏的困境的人们来说，持续的炮击让他们变得绝望。大多数人没有资金重建家园。占领军官员发放了100美元用来应对洪水。

Lana, 43, left Oleshky on June 19 and arrived in Kherson a little over a week later. She said, "My house was unlivable." She added that water pipes were broken and dirty and there was human waste. She said, "It was impossible to breathe."

43岁的拉娜于6月19日离开奥列什基，一周多后抵达了赫尔松。她说：“我的房子住不成了。”她补充说，水管又脏又破，还有人类排泄物。她说：“这简直无法呼吸。”

At first, Ukrainians in occupied territories hoped the Ukrainian military would free them. But the longer they remained, the more they feared pressure to get Russian passports.

起初，被占领土上的乌克兰人希望乌克兰军方能解放他们。但他们留下的时间越长，就越害怕领取俄罗斯护照的压力。

The AP spoke to nine people who left Oleshky from June 13 to July 1. The only way out of the occupied part of the Kherson area was through Crimea, which Russia took from Ukraine in 2014.

美联社采访了于6月13日至7月1日期间离开奥列什基的9个人。离开这个赫尔松被占领地区的唯一途径是穿过克里米亚，俄罗斯于2014年从乌克兰手中夺取了克里米亚。

Travelers had to be processed in the town of Armyansk. Phones were inspected, and email passwords were collected. Those suspected of working with Ukrainian forces were questioned or detained, in some cases never to be seen again.

旅行者必须在阿尔门扬斯克镇接受审查。手机被检查，电子邮件密码也交了上去。那些涉嫌勾结乌克兰军队的人被审问或拘留，在某些情况下再也见不到了。

Nelly Isaeva is the director of Helping to Leave, an organization that works remotely to help Ukrainians who want to escape Russian occupation. She said some are unable to pass simply because they lost their documents and have no money.

耐莉·伊萨耶娃是“帮助逃离”组织的负责人，该组织通过远程遥控来帮助想要逃离俄罗斯占领的乌克兰人。她说，有些人无法通过，仅仅是因为他们丢失了证件并且没有钱。

A woman who remains in Oelshky said life under occupation has become harder over time.

一位仍留在奥尔什基的妇女说，随着时间的推移，被占领下的生活变得越来越艰难。

The Russians "began to act more harshly than before," she said. She did not give her name out of fear for her safety. Russian soldiers now check the documents of locals, for example, when visiting the market.

她说，俄罗斯人“开始采取比以前更严厉的行动”。出于对自身安全的担忧，她没有透露姓名。例如去市场时，俄罗斯士兵现在会检查当地人的证件。

For that reason, the woman and her family avoid leaving the house. Many people get by on the food that remains after others leave. "They give us their stocks," she said.

因此，这名妇女和她的家人避免出门。许多人靠别人离开后剩下的食物维持生计。她说：“他们把自己那份给了我们，”她说。