VOA文化艺术2023 美国2022年的禁书率创下历史新高（在线收听）

The American Library Association (ALA) released a new report Thursday about book banning in the country.

美国图书馆协会周四发布了一份有关美国图书禁令的新报告。

It found attempted book bans and information restrictions at school and public libraries continue to increase, setting a record in 2022.

该协会发现，学校和公共图书馆试图禁书和限制信息的情况继续增加，在2022年创下了纪录。

The report says there were 1,200 known challenges in 2022.

报告称，2022年有1200个已知挑战。

That is almost double the number from the year before, and it had also been record setting.

这一数字几乎是前一年的两倍，也创下了纪录。

The ALA began collecting the data 20 years ago.

美国图书馆协会从20年前开始收集数据。

"I've never seen anything like this," says Deborah Caldwell-Stone, who directs the ALA's Office for Intellectual Freedom.

“我从来没有见过这样的事情，”美国图书馆协会知识自由办公室主任黛博拉·考德威尔-斯通说。

She said the last two years have been frightening, tiring, and angering.

她说，过去的两年令人恐惧、疲惫和愤怒。

The report also says the way restrictions are requested has changed.

报告还称，要求限制的方式已经改变。

A few years ago, challenges were usually from parents and community members concerned about an individual book, the ALA says.

美国图书馆协会表示，几年前，挑战通常来自关心某本书的家长或社区成员。

Now, the requests are often for several removals, and organized by national groups such as Moms for Liberty.

如今，下架图书的要求通常是由“自由母亲”等全国性组织提出的。

Their goal is "unifying, educating and empowering parents to defend their parental rights at all levels of government."

他们的目标是“团结、教育和授权家长在各级政府捍卫自己的亲权”。

Last year, more than 2,500 different books were objected to, compared to 1,858 in 2021 and just 566 in 2019.

去年，超过2500本不同的书籍遭到反对，而2021年为1858本，2019年只有566本。

In many cases, hundreds of books were challenged in a single request.

在许多情况下，数百本书在一次请求中被挑战。

The ALA bases its findings on media accounts and voluntary reporting from libraries.

美国图书馆协会的调查结果基于媒体报道和图书馆的自愿报道。

It says the numbers might be far higher.

该协会表示，实际数字可能要高得多。

Librarians around the country have told of being harassed and threatened with violence or legal action.

全国各地的图书馆员都谈到了他们曾经遭到过暴力或法律行动的骚扰和威胁。

Caldwell-Stone says that some books have been targeted because of racist language.

考德威尔-斯通说，一些书籍因为种族主义语言而成为攻击目标。

But she says the majority of requests for removal are for works with LGBTIQA+ or racial themes.

但她表示，大多数要求下架的作品都与性少数群体或种族主题有关。

Bills easing the restriction of books have been proposed or passed in Arizona, Iowa, Texas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, among other states.

亚利桑那州、爱荷华州、得克萨斯州、密苏里州和俄克拉何马州等州已经提出或通过了放松图书限制的法案。

In Florida, Governor Ron DeSantis has approved laws to review reading materials and limit classroom discussion of gender identity and race.

在佛罗里达州，州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯批准了审查阅读材料和限制在课堂上进行有关性别认同和种族讨论的法律。

Books removed in Florida include John Green's Looking for Alaska, Colleen Hoover's Hopeless, and Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale.

佛罗里达州下架的书籍包括约翰·格林的《寻找阿拉斯加》、科琳·胡佛的《绝望》和玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《使女的故事》。

DeSantis has called reports of mass bannings a "hoax."

德桑蒂斯称有关大规模禁令的报道是“谎报”。

He said earlier this month that some people "are attempting to use our schools for indoctrination."

他在本月早些时候表示，有些人“试图利用我们的学校进行灌输”。

Some books do come back.

有些书确实又重新上架了。

Officials at Florida's Duval County Public Schools were widely criticized after they removed Roberto Clemente: The Pride of the Pittsburgh Pirates.

佛罗里达州杜瓦尔县公立学校的官员在下架了《罗伯托·克莱门特：匹兹堡海盗队的骄傲》后受到了广泛的批评。

It is a children's book about of the late baseball star from Puerto Rico.

这是一本关于波多黎各已故棒球明星的儿童读物。

In February, they announced the book would again be available, explaining they had needed to examine it and make sure it did not violate any state laws.

今年2月，他们宣布这本书将会再次上市，并解释说，他们需要检查这本书，确保它没有违反任何州法律。

I'm Gregory Stachel.

格雷戈里·施塔赫尔为您播报。