VOA新闻杂志2023 著名外交官基辛格百岁高龄去世（在线收听）

Famed Diplomat Henry Kissinger Dies at 100

著名外交官基辛格百岁高龄去世

American former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger died Wednesday at his home in Connecticut. He was 100 years old.

美国前国务卿亨利·基辛格星期三在康涅狄格州的家中去世。享年100岁。

Kissinger was famed for helping restore ties between the United States and China and negotiating the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam.

基辛格以帮助恢复美中关系和谈判美国从越南撤军而闻名。

The German-born Jewish refugee served as national security advisor and secretary of state under two presidents, Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.

这位出生于德国的犹太难民曾在理查德·尼克松和杰拉尔德·福特两任总统任期中担任国家安全顾问和国务卿。

During the 1970s, Kissinger led U.S. diplomacy and was involved in many world-changing events.

20世纪70年代，基辛格领导了美国外交，并参与了许多改变世界的事件。

He led the first "shuttle diplomacy" to improve ties between Israel and its Arab neighbors. He started secret talks that led to the recognition of Communist China and its return to the world community. His policy of "détente" led to arms control agreements with the former Soviet Union.

他领导了第一次“穿梭外交”，以改善以色列与其阿拉伯邻国之间的关系。他开始了秘密会谈，最终导致美国承认了中华人民共和国的地位及其重返国际社会。他的“缓和”政策促成了与前苏联的军备控制协议。

He negotiated the 1973 Paris Peace Accord to get the U.S. out of the conflict in Vietnam. The effort won him a Nobel Peace Prize. Vietnamese Communist forces won control of the country two years later.

他通过谈判达成了1973年的《巴黎和平协议》，以使美国摆脱越南冲突。这一努力为他赢得了诺贝尔和平奖。两年后，越南共产党军队赢得了对该国的控制权。

On Thursday, many world leaders praised Kissinger for his life's work. However, others sharply criticized the former diplomat for damaging the world in the process. And on social media, many posts described him as a war criminal.

周四，许多世界领导人赞扬了基辛格毕生的工作。然而，其他人尖锐地批评这位前外交官在这个过程中损害了世界。在社交媒体上，许多帖子将他描述为战犯。

Praise

赞扬

Former U.S. President George W. Bush said, "America has lost one of the most dependable and distinctive voices" on foreign relations.

美国前总统布什说，“美国失去了外交事务上最可靠、最独特的声音之一”。

French President Emmanuel Macron praised Kissinger in a post on the social media site X, formerly Twitter. He wrote: "Henry Kissinger was a giant of history. His century of ideas and of diplomacy had a lasting influence on his time and on our world."

法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙在社交媒体网站X（前身为推特）上发帖赞扬了基辛格。他写道：“亨利·基辛格是一位历史巨人。他一个多世纪以来的思想和外交成就对他的时代和我们的世界产生了持久的影响。”

China's state broadcaster CCTV said that President Xi Jinping sent U.S. President Joe Biden a message of sympathy Thursday. It said, "Dr. Kissinger will always be remembered and missed by the Chinese people." China's Foreign Ministry spokesperson called Kissinger an "old friend and good friend of the Chinese people, and a pioneer and builder of China-U.S. relations."

中国中央电视台表示，习主席向美国总统拜登发去唁电。电文称：“基辛格博士将永远被中国人民铭记和怀念。”外交部发言人称基辛格是“中国人民的老朋友、好朋友，是中美关系的开拓者和建设者”。

Russian President Vladimir Putin said in a message to Kissinger's wife that his foreign policy led to "the most important Soviet-American agreements" in strengthening world security.

俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京在给基辛格妻子的一封信中表示，他的外交政策促成了加强世界安全的“最重要的苏美协议”。

In a message to Kissinger's family, Germany's President Frank-Walter Steinmeier wrote, "with his détente and disarmament policy, Henry Kissinger laid the foundation for the end of the Cold War and the democratic transition in eastern Europe" which led to Germany's reunification.

德国总统弗兰克·沃尔特·施泰因迈尔在给基辛格家人的一封信中写道，“凭借他的缓和政策和裁军政策，亨利·基辛格为冷战的结束和东欧的民主过渡奠定了基础”，这导致了德国的统一。

Israeli President Isaac Herzog told U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken in Tel Aviv that Kissinger "laid the cornerstone of the peace agreement, which (was) later signed with Egypt, and so many other processes around the world I admire."

以色列总统艾萨克·赫尔佐格在特拉维夫告诉美国国务卿安东尼·布林肯，基辛格“奠定了后来与埃及签署的和平协议的基石，以及我钦佩的世界各地的许多其他进程。”

Criticism

批评

However, criticism of Kissinger was especially strong for his actions during the war in Vietnam.

然而，对基辛格在越南战争期间的行为的批评尤其强烈。

The policy of "Vietnamization" was meant to shift the fighting against North Vietnam from U.S. forces to the South Vietnamese. It included a massive bombing campaign of North Vietnam and the mining of the Northern ports. The U.S. also bombed in Cambodia and Laos in 1969 although Kissinger kept that secret. The attacks in those countries intensified the civil war in Vietnam.

“越南化”政策旨在将对北越的战斗从美军转移到南越。其中包括对北越的大规模轰炸和对北部港口的挖掘。1969年，美国还轰炸了柬埔寨和老挝，尽管基辛格对此保密。对这些国家的袭击加剧了越南内战。

Kissinger also was criticized for his part in Angola's civil war, Pakistan's aggression toward Bangladesh, and the U.S. involvement in Chile, which ended with a government overthrow in 1973.

基辛格还因参与安哥拉内战、巴基斯坦对孟加拉国的侵略以及美国对智利的干预而受到批评，1973年智利政府被推翻。

Sophal Ear is a Cambodia expert at Arizona State University. He wrote in the online publication The Conversation: "Henry Kissinger's bombing campaign likely killed hundreds of thousands of Cambodians — and set (a) path for the ravages of the Khmer Rouge."

索法尔·厄尔是亚利桑那州立大学的柬埔寨问题专家。他在网络出版物《对话》中写道：“亨利·基辛格的轰炸行动可能导致数十万柬埔寨人死亡，并为红色高棉的蹂躏开辟了道路。”

"The cluster bombs dropped on Cambodia under Kissinger's watch continue to destroy the lives of any man, woman or child who happens across them," Sophal Ear added.

索法尔·厄尔补充道：“在基辛格注视下投向柬埔寨的集束炸弹继续摧毁着炸弹周围任何男人、女人或孩子的生命。”

Reporting the diplomat's death, the magazine Rolling Stone published this headline: "Henry Kissinger, war criminal beloved by America's ruling class, finally dies."

在报道这位外交官的死讯时，《滚石》杂志发表了这样的标题：“深受美国统治阶级爱戴的战犯亨利·基辛格终于去世了。”