VOA科学技术2023 欧盟新版人工智能规定将如何影响全球？（在线收听）

How Will Europe’s New Artificial Intelligence Rules Affect the World?

欧盟新版人工智能规定将如何影响全球？

European nations reached an agreement on rules for artificial intelligence (AI) last week. Some experts say the regulations will affect people around the world.

欧洲国家上周就人工智能规定达成协议。一些专家表示，这些规定将影响到世界各地人们。

Here are some of the details of the agreement reported by the Associated Press:

以下是美联社报道的一些协议细节：

The AI Act and how it works:

《人工智能法案》及其运作方式：

The AI Act aims to regulate or establish guidelines for AI technology that has the potential to cause problems if misused.

《人工智能法案》旨在规范或制定人工智能技术的指导方针，如果滥用，人工智能技术可能会引发问题。

AI systems that recommend online material, or those that check email messages, would be less regulated. But technology that concerns healthcare or medical decisions would have higher requirements.

推荐在线材料或检查电子邮件的人工智能系统将受到较少的监管。但涉及医疗保健或医疗决策的技术将有更高的要求。

Some AI systems will be banned except in some cases. They include systems that scan people's faces in public and systems that make predictions about future behavior such as whether a person will commit a crime.

除某些情况外，一些人工智能系统将被禁止。它们包括在公共场合扫描人们面部的系统，以及预测未来行为（如一个人是否会犯罪）的系统。

The new AI Act will not take effect until two years after a vote from European lawmakers. The vote is planned for the first part of next year. The soonest it would be in place is sometime early in 2026.

新的《人工智能法案》要到欧洲立法者投票两年后才能生效。投票计划在明年上半年进行。它最快将在2026年初生效。

How will the Act affect the world?

该法案将如何影响世界？

Some experts say the guidelines could become a global standard. That has happened before. One recent European decision caused U.S. company Apple to stop using its lightning data cable in favor of a more widely used cable.

一些专家表示，这些指导方针可能会成为一项全球标准。这种情况以前也发生过。欧洲最近的一项决定导致美国苹果公司停止使用其闪电接口数据线，转而使用一种更广泛使用的数据线。

Experts say Europe's rules might be used as a blueprint in other parts of the world. Anu Bradford is a professor at Columbia University in New York City. She called Europe's act "comprehensive" and "a game-changer." Bradford noted the European rules will "show the world AI can be governed."

专家表示，欧洲的规定可能会被用作世界其他地区的蓝图。阿努·布拉德福德是纽约哥伦比亚大学的教授。她称欧洲的法案是“全面的”和“游戏规则的改变者”。布拉德福德指出，欧洲的规定将“向世界表明人工智能是可以治理的”。

Rights groups complained that Europe's decision to not completely ban the use of facial recognition "is a missed opportunity." Amnesty International noted that Europe did not ban exports of AI technology that covers social scoring. Social scoring systems permit governments to record how well citizens follow rules.

人权组织抱怨说，欧洲没有完全禁止使用面部识别的决定是“错过了一个机会”。大赦国际指出，欧洲没有禁止出口涵盖社会评分的人工智能技术。社会评分系统允许政府记录公民遵守规则的程度。

What are the U.S. and China doing?

美国和中国在做什么？

In the United States, President Joe Biden signed an executive order in October on AI. Biden required AI technology companies to share test results and other information with the government. Government organizations will create requirements for AI tools that must be followed before systems are released for public use.

在美国，乔·拜登总统于10月签署了一项关于人工智能的行政命令。拜登要求人工智能技术公司与政府共享测试结果和其他信息。政府组织将对人工智能工具提出要求，在系统发布供公众使用之前必须遵守这些要求。

China released rules for AI tools that create material such as photos, text and videos. The rules are only short-term guidelines. President Xi Jinping also called for an open and fair environment for AI development around the world.

中国发布了创建照片、文本和视频等材料的人工智能工具的规定。这些规定只是短期的指导方针。习主席还呼吁为世界各地人工智能技术发展创造公开、公正的环境。

Will Europe's rules change ChatGPT?

欧洲的规定会改变ChatGPT吗？

The rise of ChatGPT, an AI tool based in the U.S., is one of the reasons for Europe's new set of rules. Europe's rules include guidelines for chatbots and other AI systems that can do jobs such as writing, creating video and writing computer code.

总部位于美国的人工智能工具ChatGPT的兴起是欧洲制定新规则的原因之一。欧洲的规则包括针对聊天机器人和其他人工智能系统的指导方针，这些系统可以完成写作、创建视频和编写计算机代码等工作。

Systems must clearly show where the material that went into training the bots came from. They also must show how much energy was used to train the systems, or models. They should be open about how they control the data that comes from their tool's users. And they need to observe the EU's copyright property protection laws.

系统必须清楚地显示用于训练机器人的材料来自哪里。他们还必须显示有多少能源用于训练系统或模型。他们应该公开如何控制来自工具用户的数据。他们还需要遵守欧盟的版权保护法。

High technology systems or risky uses of AI are required to follow stricter rules. Those include systems that create basic pieces of information, such as computer code, that others will then use to create other AI systems.

高科技系统或人工智能的高风险使用需要遵守更严格的规则。其中包括创建基本信息的系统，如计算机代码，然后其他人将使用这些信息创建其他人工智能系统。