2023年经济学人 2023年各国经济表现盘点(1)（在线收听）

Finance and economics

财经版块

End of year prizes

年度大奖

Ladder of divine ascent

进步的天梯

We calculate the best and worst performing economies of 2023.

我们计算出了2023年表现最好和最差的经济体。

Almost everyone expected a global recession in 2023, as central bankers raised interest rates to cool inflation.

由于央行官员提高利率，为通胀降温，几乎所有人都预计2023年会出现全球经济衰退。

The consensus was wrong.

这一共识是错误的。

Global GDP has probably grown by 3%.

全球GDP可能增长了3%。

Job markets have held up.

就业市场一直坚挺。

Inflation is on the way down.

通货膨胀率正在下降。

Stockmarkets have risen by 20%.

股票市场已经上涨了20%。

But this aggregate performance conceals wide variation.

但这种综合表现掩盖了各国之间的巨大差异。

The Economist has compiled data on five indicators-inflation, "inflation breadth", GDP, jobs and stockmarket performance-for 35 mostly rich countries.

《经济学人》汇编了35个富裕国家的五个指标的数据：通货膨胀率、“通胀广度”、GDP、就业、股市表现。

We have ranked them according to how well they have done on these measures, creating an overall score.

根据他们在这些指标上的表现，本刊将这些国家进行了排名，并得出了总分。

Top of the charts, for the second year running, is Greece-a remarkable result for an economy that was until recently a byword for mismanagement.

连续第二年位居榜首的是希腊，这个国家直到最近还是治理不善的代名词，这对它来说是一个了不起的成绩。

Aside from South Korea, many of the other standout performers are in the Americas.

除了韩国，其他许多表现突出的国家都在美洲。

The United States comes third.

美国排在第三位。

Canada and Chile are not far behind.

加拿大和智利紧随其后。

Meanwhile, lots of the sluggards are in northern Europe, including Britain, Germany, Sweden and, bringing up the rear, Finland.

与此同时，吊车尾的国家大都在北欧，包括英国、德国、瑞典和最末位的芬兰。

Tackling rising prices was the big challenge in 2023.

应对物价上涨是2023年的一大挑战。

Our first measure looks at "core" inflation, which excludes volatile components, such as energy and food, and is a good indicator of underlying inflationary pressure.

我们的第一个衡量标准是“核心”通胀，它剔除了能源和食品等波动较大的物价，能很好地说明潜在通胀压力。

Japan and South Korea have kept a lid on prices.

日本和韩国一直控制着物价。

In Switzerland core prices rose by just 1.3% year on year.

瑞士的核心价格同比仅上涨了1.3%。

Elsewhere in Europe, though, many countries still face serious pressure.

然而，在欧洲其他地方，许多国家仍然面临着巨大压力。

In Hungary core inflation is running at 11% year on year.

匈牙利的核心通货率与去年同期相比上涨了11%。

Finland, which is heavily dependent on Russian energy supplies, is also struggling.

严重依赖俄罗斯能源供应的芬兰也在苦苦挣扎。

In most countries inflation is becoming less entrenched-as measured by "inflation breadth", a measure that calculates the share of items in the consumer-price basket where prices are rising by more than 2% year on year.

在大多数国家，通货膨胀正在变得不那么根深蒂固，这是从“通胀广度”来看，“通胀广度”计算的是物价同比上涨超过2%的商品在消费者价格篮子中所占的比例。

Central bankers in places including Chile and South Korea increased interest rates aggressively in 2022, sooner than many of their peers across the rich world, and now appear to be reaping the benefits.

智利和韩国等国的央行在2022年大幅加息，而且比许多富裕国家的加息时间都更早，这些国家现在似乎正因此而获益。

In South Korea inflation breadth has fallen from 73% to 60%.

在韩国，通货广度已从73%降至60%。

Central bankers in America and Canada, where inflation breadth has dropped even more sharply, can take some credit, too.

美国和加拿大的通胀广度的降幅甚至更大，这两国的央行官员也可以得到一些赞誉。

However, in other places, the battle against inflation is not even close to being won.

然而，在其他地方，对抗通胀的战斗离胜利还差很远。

Take Australia.

以澳大利亚为例。

Inflation there remains firmly entrenched, with the price of close to 90% of the items in the average person's shopping basket rising by more than 2% year on year.

该国的通货膨胀仍然根深蒂固，居民购物篮中价格同比上涨超过2%的商品所占比例接近90%。

Worse, inflation breadth is not coming down either.

更糟糕的是，通胀广度也没有下降。

France and Germany are also in trouble.

法国和德国也陷入了困境。

And so is Spain, where inflation seems to be becoming more entrenched over time.

西班牙也是如此，该国的通胀似乎随着时间的推移而变得更加顽固。