Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演说(在线收听

 

 

导言阅读

亚伯拉罕·林肯(1809—1865),政治家,思想家,第16任美国总统(任期:1861年3月4日-1865年4月15日),是首位美国共和党总统,与乔治·华盛顿、富兰克林·罗斯福共同被公认为美国历史上最伟大的三位总统,也是历史上首位遇刺身亡的总统。林肯的葛底斯堡演说是世界上最著名的演说之一,该演说将美国的价值观、历史进行了高度的浓缩,堪称最经典的英文演说之一。1863年7月联邦军在宾夕法尼亚洲葛底斯堡战役中的胜利是美国内战的关键转折点。葛底斯堡战役在内战中是一场流血最多的战役,四个月后在阵亡将士墓落成仪式上,林肯发表了该演说。在这篇演说中,林肯提出了深入人心的“民有、民治、民享”的口号,成为后人推崇的民主政治的纲领。虽然这是一篇庆祝军事胜利的演说,但它没有好战之气。相反,这是一篇感人肺腑的颂辞,赞美那些作出最后牺牲的人们,以及他们为之献身的理想。

演讲实录

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation,conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation soconceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. Wehave come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave theirlives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate —we can not hallow —this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far aboveour poor power to add or detract . The world will little note, nor long remember what we sayhere, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated hereto the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is ratherfor us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead wetake increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—thatwe here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God,shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for thepeople, shall not perish from the earth.

参考译文

八十七年前,我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行所有人生来平等的原则。

我们正从事一场伟大的内战,以考验这个国家,或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命,我们来到这里,是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后的安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的。

但是,从更广泛的意义上说,这块土地我们不能够奉献,不能够圣化,不能够神化。

那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们,活着的和去世的,已经把这块土地圣化了,这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话,全世界不大会注意,也不会长久地记住,但勇士们在这里所做过的事,全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说,倒是我们这些还活着的人,应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上吸取更多的献身精神,来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业;我们要在这里下定最大的决心,不让这些死者白白牺牲;我们要使国家在上帝福佑下自由的新生,要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。

Vocabulary Bank

1. score [sk?:?sk?? ]n 二十

There are a score of people.

这儿有二十个人。

2. conceive [k?n'si:v ]v 想出(主意、计划等),构思It was then that I conceived the notion of running away.

就在那时我产生了逃跑的念头。

3. proposition [?pr?p?'zi??n ]n 观点,见解,主张The proposition is so clear that it needs no explanation.

观点十分明确,无需解释。

4. portion ['p?:??n ]n 一部分

He divided up his property and gave a portion to each of his children.

他把财产分给子女,每人一份。

5. consecrate ['k?nsikreit ]v 奉献(作宗教用途)The new church was consecrated by the Bishop of Chester.

在切斯特主教的主持下举行了新教堂的奉献礼。

6. hallow ['h?l?u ]v 使(某人/某物)成为神圣This ground was hallowed by sacred memories.

这里因在宗教上有纪念意义而被视为神圣的土地。

7. detract [di'tr?kt ]v (~ from sth.)减损某物的价值或重要性The unpleasant incident detracted from our enjoyment of the evening.

这件不愉快的事情使我们当晚兴致大减。

8. nobly ['n?ubli ]adv 高尚地,高贵地

He was nobly born.

他出身高贵。

9. devotion [di'v?u??n ]n ~ (to sb./sth.) 献身,忠心She led a life of great devotion.

她的一生信仰诚笃。

10. cause [k?:z ]n 极力维护或支持的目标或运动,事业Her life was devoted to the cause of justice.

她为正义事业而献身。

11. resolve [ri'z?lv ]v 决定,下决心

She resolved that she would never see him again.

她决心不再见他。

12. perish ['peri? ]v 毁灭,死亡

Thousands of people perished in the earthquake.

那次地震死者数以千计。

Language Guide

American Civil War

美国南北战争

南北战争,又称美国内战(1861年4月12日—1865年4月9日),是美国历史上一场大规模的内战,参战双方为美利坚合众国(简称联邦)和美利坚联盟国(简称邦联)。此战不但改变了当时美国的政治和经济情势,导致奴隶制度在美国南方被最终废除,也对日后美国的民间社会产生了巨大的影响。

Grammar Master

1. rather用作副词时,意为“宁愿、宁可”。作此意解的rather常和would / had连用,构成固定短语。would / had rather...than意为“宁愿……而不愿……”,使用时应特别注意此短语的否定构成及其后接的动词形式。

例 He would rather have the small one than the large one.

他宁愿要一个小的,而不要大的。

例 I’d rather take the slowest train than go there by air.

我宁愿坐最慢的火车,也不要乘飞机去那里。

would / had rather后接从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

例 I would / had rather you posted the letter right away.

我倒希望你把这封信立即发出。

例 I would / had rather that she had stayed at home.

她那时要是留在家里就好了。

2. rather用作副词时,意为“更确切地”。这种用法的rather常用在or rather这一短语中,表示想要纠正已经说过的话,或欲使已说过的话更确切。

例 He worked till late last night, or rather, early in the morning.

他一直工作到深夜,或者更确切地说,到今天凌晨。

例 The building is like a palace, or rather a temple.

这幢建筑物像一座宫殿,或者更确切地说像一座寺庙。

3. rather用作副词时,还可用作“相当、颇、有点儿”的意思。

例 You've done rather well.

你做得相当好。

例 His way of life is rather strange to me.

我觉得他的生活方式很怪。

 
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