Duty, Honor, Country 责任、荣誉、国家（在线收听）

导言阅读

道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟（1880—1964），美国著名军事家，五星上将军衔。第二次世界大战时期历任美国远东军司令，西南太平洋战区盟军司令；战后出任驻日盟军最高司令和“联合国军”总司令等职。1880年1月26日，麦克阿瑟出生于美国阿肯色州小石城的军营里。其父阿瑟·麦克阿瑟17岁步入军界，中间曾复员学习法律，后再次从戎，最后晋升为准将，曾任菲律宾军事总督；其母玛丽·平克尼·哈迪是个有钱人家的小姐，结婚时刚从一所中等专科学校毕业，她颇有一种贵族小姐的派头，总是教导自己的儿子成为“伟人”。父母的性格和经历，对麦克阿瑟职业的选择产生了深远的影响。1964年，麦克阿瑟以84岁的高龄病逝于美国。本篇为麦克阿瑟在纽约州西点授衔仪式上的演讲，是他一生中最后一次也是最感人的一次演讲。

演讲实录

General Westmoreland, General Grove, distinguished guests, and gentlemen of the Corps!

As I was leaving the hotel this morning, a doorman asked me, “Where are you bound for,General?” And when I replied, “West Point,” he remarked, “Beautiful place. Have you ever beenthere before?”

No human being could fail to be deeply moved by such a tribute as this Thayer Award.

Coming from a profession I have served so long, and a people I have loved so well, it fills me withan emotion I cannot express. But this award is not intended primarily to honor a personality, but tosymbolize a great moral code—the code of conduct and chivalry of those who guard this belovedland of culture and ancient descent. That is the animation of this medallion. For all eyes and for alltime, it is an expression of the ethics of the American soldier. That I should be integrated in thisway with so noble an ideal arouses a sense of pride and yet of humility which will be with mealways: Duty, Honor, Country.

Those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, whatyou will be. They are your rallying points: to build courage when courage seems to fail; to regainfaith when there seems to be little cause for faith; to create hope when hope becomes forlorn .

Unhappily, I possess neither that eloquence of diction, that poetry of imagination, nor thatbrilliance of metaphor to tell you all that they mean. The unbelievers will say they are but words,but a slogan, but a flamboyant phrase. Every pedant, every demagogue, every cynic, everyhypocrite, every troublemaker, and I am sorry to say, some others of an entirely differentcharacter, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule.

But these are some of the things they do. They build your basic character. They mold you foryour future roles as the custodians of the nation's defense. They make you strong enough to knowwhen you are weak, and brave enough to face yourself when you are afraid. They teach you to beproud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute wordsfor actions, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty andchallenge; to learn to stand up in the storm but to have compassion on those who fall; to masteryourself before you seek to master others; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learnto laugh, yet never forget how to weep; to reach into the future yet never neglect the past; to beserious yet never to take yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember thesimplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. Theygive you a temper of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness ofthe deep springs of life, a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of an appetite foradventure over love of ease. They create in your heart the sense of wonder, the unfailing hope ofwhat next, and the joy and inspiration of life. They teach you in this way to be an officer and agentleman.

And what sort of soldiers are those you are to lead? Are they reliable? Are they brave? Arethey capable of victory? Their story is known to all of you. It is the story of the American man-at-arms. My estimate of him was formed on the battlefield many, many years ago, and has neverchanged. I regarded him then as I regard him now -- as one of the world's noblest figures, not onlyas one of the finest military characters, but also as one of the most stainless. His name and fameare the birthright of every American citizen. In his youth and strength, his love and loyalty, hegave all that mortality can give.

He needs no eulogy from me or from any other man. He has written his own history andwritten it in red on his enemy's breast. But when I think of his patience under adversity, of hiscourage under fire, and of his modesty in victory, I am filled with an emotion of admiration Icannot put into words. He belongs to history as furnishing one of the greatest examples ofsuccessful patriotism. He belongs to posterity as the instructor of future generations in theprinciples of liberty and freedom. He belongs to the present, to us, by his virtues and by hisachievements. In 20 campaigns, on a hundred battlefields, around a thousand campfires, I havewitnessed that enduring fortitude, that patriotic self-abnegation, and that invincible determinationwhich have carved his statue in the hearts of his people. From one end of the world to the other hehas drained deep the chalice of courage.

As I listened to those songs of the glee club, in memory's eye I could see those staggeringcolumns of the First World War, bending under soggy packs, on many a weary march fromdripping dusk to drizzling dawn, slogging ankle-deep through the mire of shell-shocked roads, toform grimly for the attack, blue-lipped, covered with sludge and mud, chilled by the wind andrain, driving home to their objective, and for many, to the judgment seat of God. I do not know thedignity of their birth, but I do know the glory of their death. They died unquestioning,uncomplaining, with faith in their hearts, and on their lips the hope that we would go on to victory.

Always, for them: Duty, Honor, Country; always their blood and sweat and tears, as we sought theway and the light and the truth.

And 20 years after, on the other side of the globe, again the filth of murky foxholes, thestench of ghostly trenches, the slime of dripping dugouts; those boiling suns of relentless heat,those torrential rains of devastating storms; the loneliness and utter desolation of jungle trails; thebitterness of long separation from those they loved and cherished; the deadly pestilence of tropicaldisease; the horror of stricken areas of war; their resolute and determined defense, their swift andsure attack, their indomitable purpose, their complete and decisive victory -- always victory.

Always through the bloody haze of their last reverberating shot, the vision of gaunt, ghastly menreverently following your password of: Duty, Honor, Country.

The code which those words perpetuate embraces the highest moral laws and will stand thetest of any ethics or philosophies ever promulgated for the uplift of mankind. Its requirements arefor the things that are right, and its restraints are from the things that are wrong. The soldier, aboveall other men, is required to practice the greatest act of religious training -- sacrifice.

In battle and in the face of danger and death, he discloses those divine attributes which hisMaker gave when he created man in his own image. No physical courage and no brute instinct cantake the place of the Divine help which alone can sustain him. However horrible the incidents ofwar may be, the soldier who is called upon to offer and to give his life for his country is thenoblest development of mankind.

You now face a new world -- a world of change. The thrust into outer space of the satellite,spheres, and missiles mark the beginning of another epoch in the long story of mankind. In thefive or more billions of years the scientists tell us it has taken to form the earth, in the three ormore billion years of development of the human race, there has never been a more abrupt orstaggering evolution. We deal now not with things of this world alone, but with the illimitabledistances and as yet unfathomed mysteries of the universe. We are reaching out for a new andboundless frontier .

We speak in strange terms: of harnessing the cosmic energy; of making winds and tides workfor us; of creating unheard synthetic materials to supplement or even replace our old standardbasics; to purify sea water for our drink; of mining ocean floors for new fields of wealth and food;of disease preventatives to expand life into the hundreds of years; of controlling the weather for amore equitable distribution of heat and cold, of rain and shine; of space ships to the moon; of theprimary target in war, no longer limited to the armed forces of an enemy, but instead to include hiscivil populations; of ultimate conflict between a united human race and the sinister forces of someother planetary galaxy; of such dreams and fantasies as to make life the most exciting of all time.

And through all this welter of change and development, your mission remains fixed,determined, inviolable : it is to win our wars. Everything else in your professional career is butcorollary to this vital dedication. All other public purposes, all other public projects, all otherpublic needs, great or small, will find others for their accomplishment. But you are the ones whoare trained to fight. Yours is the profession of arms, the will to win, the sure knowledge that in warthere is no substitute for victory; that if you lose, the nation will be destroyed; that the veryobsession of your public service must be: Duty, Honor, Country.

Others will debate the controversial issues, national and international, which divide men'sminds; but serene, calm, aloof, you stand as the Nation's war-guardian, as its lifeguard from theraging tides of international conflict, as its gladiator in the arena of battle. For a century and a halfyou have defended, guarded, and protected its hallowed traditions of liberty and freedom, of rightand justice.

Let civilian voices argue the merits or demerits of our processes of government; whether ourstrength is being sapped by deficit financing, indulged in too long, by federal paternalism growntoo mighty, by power groups grown too arrogant, by politics grown too corrupt, by crime growntoo rampant, by morals grown too low, by taxes grown too high, by extremists grown too violent;whether our personal liberties are as thorough and complete as they should be. These greatnational problems are not for your professional participation or military solution. Your guidepoststands out like a ten-fold beacon in the night: Duty, Honor, Country.

You are the leaven which binds together the entire fabric of our national system of defense.

From your ranks come the great captains who hold the nation's destiny in their hands the momentthe war tocsin sounds. The Long Gray Line has never failed us. Were you to do so, a millionghosts in olive drab, in brown khaki, in blue and gray, would rise from their white crossesthundering those magic words: Duty, Honor, Country.

This does not mean that you are war mongers. On the contrary, the soldier, above all otherpeople, prays for peace, for he must suffer and bear the deepest wounds and scars of war. Butalways in our ears ring the ominous words of Plato, that wisest of all philosophers: “Only the deadhave seen the end of war.”

The shadows are lengthening for me. The twilight is here. My days of old have vanished,tone and tint. They have gone glimmering through the dreams of things that were. Their memoryis one of wondrous beauty, watered by tears, and coaxed and caressed by the smiles of yesterday. Ilisten vainly, but with thirsty ears, for the witching melody of faint bugles blowing reveille, of fardrums beating the long roll.

In my dreams I hear again the crash of guns, the rattle of musketry, the strange, mournfulmutter of the battlefield. But in the evening of my memory, always I come back to West Point.

Always there echoes and re-echoes: Duty, Honor, Country.

Today marks my final roll call with you, but I want you to know that when I cross the rivermy last conscious thoughts will be of The Corps, and The Corps, and The Corps.

I bid you farewell.

参考译文

韦斯特摩兰上将、葛洛文上将、各位嘉宾以及士兵将士们：

今天早晨，当我走出旅馆时，看门人问道：“将军，您上哪去？”一听说我要去西点，他说：“那是个好地方，您从前去过吗？”

这样的荣誉没有人不深受感动。长期以来，我从事这个职业，又如此热爱这个民族，能获得这样的荣誉，我的感情无以言表。然而，这种奖赏主要并不意味着对个人的尊崇，而是象征一个伟大的道德准则——捍卫这块可爱土地上的文化与古老传统的那些人的行为与品质的准则。这就是这个大奖章的意义。无论现在还是将来，它都是美国军人道德标准的一种体现。我一定要遵循这个标准，结合崇高的理想，唤起自豪感，同时始终保持谦虚：责任，荣誉，国家。

这三个神圣的名词庄严地提醒你应该成为怎样的人，可能成为怎样的人，一定要成为怎样的人。它们将使你似乎丧失勇气时鼓起勇气，似乎没有理由相信时重建信念，几乎绝望时产生希望。

遗憾得很，我既没有雄辩的词令、诗意的想象，也没有华丽的隐喻向你们说明它们的意义。怀疑者一定要说它们只不过是几个名词，一句口号，一个浮夸的短词。每一个迂腐的学究，每一个蛊惑人心的政客，每一个玩世不恭的人，每一个伪君子，每一个惹是生非之徒，很遗憾，还有其他个性不甚正常的人，一定企图贬低它们，甚至对它们进行愚弄和嘲笑。

但这些名词却能做到：塑造你的基本性格，使你将来成为国防卫士；使你坚强起来，认清自己的懦弱，并勇敢地面对自己的胆怯。它们教导你在失败时要自尊，要不屈不挠；胜利时要谦和，不要以言语代替行动，不要贪图舒适；要面对重压和困难，勇敢地接受挑战；要学会巍然屹立于风浪之中，但对遇难者要寄予同情；要先律己而后律人；要有纯洁的心灵和崇高的目标；要学会笑，但不要忘记怎么哭；要向往未来，但不可忽略过去；要为人谨慎，但不可过于严肃；要谦虚，铭记真正伟大的纯朴，真正智慧的虚心，真正强大的温顺。它们赋予你意志的韧性，想象的质量，感情的活力，从生命的深处焕发精神，以勇敢的姿态克服胆怯，甘于冒险而不贪图安逸。它们在你们心中创造奇妙的意想不到的希望，以及生命的灵感与欢乐。它们就是以这种方式教导你们成为军人和君子。

你所率领的是哪一类士兵？他可靠吗？勇敢吗？他有能力赢得胜利吗？他的故事你全都熟悉，那是一个美国士兵的故事。我对他的估价是多年前在战场上形成的，至今没有改变。那时，我把他看作是世界上最高尚的人；现在，我仍然这样看他。他不仅是一个军事品德最优秀的人，而且也是一个最纯洁的人。他的名字与威望是每一个美国公民的骄傲。

在青壮年时期，他献出了一切人类所赋予的爱情与忠贞。

他不需要我及其他人的颂扬，因为他已用自己的鲜血在敌人的胸前谱写了自传。可是，当我想到他在灾难中的坚忍，在战火里的勇气，在胜利时的谦虚，我满怀的赞美之情不禁油然而生。他在历史上已成为一位成功爱国者的伟大典范；他在未来将成为子孙认识解放与自由的教导者；现在，他把美德与成就献给我们。在数十次战役中，在上百个战场上，在成千堆营火旁，我亲眼目睹他坚韧不拔的不朽精神，热爱祖国的自我克制以及不可战胜的坚定决心，这些已经把他的形象铭刻在他的人民心中。从世界的这一端到另一端，他已经深深地为那勇敢的美酒所陶醉。

当我听到合唱队唱的这些歌曲，我记忆的目光看到第一次世界大战中步履蹒跚的小分队，从湿淋淋的黄昏到细雨蒙蒙的黎明，在湿透的背包的重负下疲惫不堪地行军，沉重的脚踝深深地踏在炮弹轰炸过的泥泞路上，与敌人进行你死我活的战斗。他们嘴唇发青，浑身污泥，在风雨中颤抖着，从家里被赶到敌人面前，许多人还被赶到上帝的审判席上。我不了解他们生得高贵，可我知道他们死得光荣。他们从不犹豫，毫无怨恨，满怀信心，嘴边念叨着继续战斗，直到看见胜利的希望才合上双眼。这一切都是为了它们——责任，荣誉，国家。当我们蹒跚在寻找光明与真理的道路上时，他们一直在流血、挥汗、洒泪。

20年以后，在世界的另一边，他们又面对着黑黝黝肮脏的散兵坑、阴森森恶臭的战壕、湿淋淋污浊的坑道，还有那酷热的火辣辣的阳光、疾风狂暴的倾盆大雨、荒无人烟的丛林小道。他们忍受着与亲人长期分离的痛苦煎熬、热带疾病的猖獗蔓延、战争地区的恐怖情景。他们坚定果敢的防御，他们迅速准确的攻击，他们不屈不挠的目的，他们全面彻底的胜利——永恒的胜利——永远伴随着他们最后在血泊中的战斗。在战斗中，那些苍白憔悴的人们的目光始终庄严地跟随着责任，荣誉，国家的口号。

这几个名词包含着最高的道德准则，并将经受任何为提高人类道德水准而传播的伦理或哲学的检验。它所提倡的是正确的事物，它所制止的是谬误的东西。高于众人之上的战士要履行宗教修炼的最伟大行为——牺牲。

在战斗中，面对着危险与死亡，他显示出造物主按照自己意愿创造人类时所赋予的品质。只有神明能帮助他、支持他，这是任何肉体的勇敢与动物的本能都代替不了的。无论战争如何恐怖，召之即来的战士准备为国捐躯是人类最崇高的进化。

现在，你们面临着一个新世界——一个变革中的世界。人造卫星进入星际空间。卫星与导弹标志着人类漫长的历史进入了另一个时代——太空时代。自然科学告诉我们，在50亿年或更长的时期中，地球形成了；300万年或更长的时期中，人类形成了；人类历史还不曾有过一次更巨大、更令人惊讶的进化。我们不单要从现在这个世界，而且要从无法估算的距离，从神秘莫测的宇宙来论述事物。我们正在认识一个崭新的无边无际的世界。

我们谈论着不可思议的话题：控制宇宙的能源；让风力与潮汐为我们所用；创造空前的合成物质以补充甚至代替古老的基本物质；净化海水以供我们饮用；开发海底以作为财富与食品的新基地；预防疾病以使寿命延长几百岁；调节空气以使冷热、晴雨分布均衡；登月宇宙飞船；战争中的主要目标不仅限于敌人的武装力量，也包括其平民；联合起来的人类与某些星系行星的恶势力的终极冲突；使生命成为有史以来最扣人心弦的那些梦境与幻想。

为了迎接所有这些巨大的变化与发展，你们的任务将变得更加坚定而不可侵犯，那就是赢得我们战争的胜利。你们的职业要求你们在这个生死关头勇于献身，此外别无所求。

其余的一切公共目的、公共计划、公共需求，无论大小，都可以寻找其他办法去完成；而你们就是受训参加战斗的，你们的职业就是战斗——决心取胜。在战争中最明确的目标就是为了胜利，这是任何东西都代替不了的。假如你失败了，国家就要遭到破坏，因此，你的职业唯一要遵循的就是责任，荣誉，国家。

其他人将纠缠于分散人们思想的国内外问题的争论，可是你将安详、宁静地屹立在远处，作为国家的卫士，作为国际矛盾怒潮中的救生员，作为硝烟弥漫的竞技场上的格斗士。一个半世纪以来，你们曾经防御、守卫、保护着解放与自由、权利与正义的神圣传统。

让平民百姓去辩论我们政府的功过：我们的国力是否因长期财政赤字而衰竭，联邦的家长式传统是否势力过大，权力集团是否过于骄横自大，政治是否过于腐败，犯罪是否过于猖獗，道德标准是否降得太低，捐税是否提得太高，极端分子是否过于偏激，我们个人的自由是否像应有的那样完全彻底。这些重大的国家问题与你们的职业毫不相干，也无需使用军事手段来解决。你们的路标——责任，荣誉，国家，比夜里的灯塔要亮十倍。

你们是联结我国防御系统全部机构的纽带。当战争警钟敲响时，从你们的队伍中将涌现出手操国家命运的伟大军官。还从来没有人打败过我们。假如你也是这样，上百万身穿橄榄色、棕色、蓝色和灰色制服的灵魂将从他们的白色十字架下站起来，以雷霆般的声音喊出那神奇的口号——责任，荣誉，国家。

这并不意味着你们是战争贩子。相反，高于众人之上的战士祈求和平，因为他忍受着战争最深刻的伤痛与疮疤。可是，我们的耳边经常响起那位大智大慧的哲学之父柏拉图的警世之言：“只有死者才能看到战争的终结。”

我的生命已近黄昏，暮色已经降临，我昔日的风采和荣誉已经消失。它们随着对昔日事业的憧憬，带着那余晖消失了。昔日的记忆奇妙而美好，浸透了眼泪和昨日微笑的安慰和抚爱。我尽力但徒然地倾听，渴望听到军号吹奏起床号那微弱而迷人的旋律，以及远处战鼓急促敲击的动人节奏。

我在梦幻中依稀又听到了大炮在轰鸣，又听到了滑膛枪在鸣放，又听到了战场上那陌生、哀愁的呻吟。然而，晚年的回忆经常将我带回到西点军校。我的耳旁回响着，反复回响着：责任，荣誉，国家。

今天是我同你们进行的最后一次点名。但我愿你们知道，当我到达彼岸时，我最后想的是军团，军团，还是军团。

我向大家告别。

Vocabulary Bank

1. general ［'?en?r?l ］n 陆军上将

This is General Roberts.

这位是罗伯茨上将。

2. bound ［baund ］adj 有义务的，受约束的 v 束缚，限制Where are you bound for?

你要去哪儿？

3. tribute ［'tribju:t ］n 表示敬意或称赞的行动，言语或礼物Tributes to the dead leader have been received from all around the world.

世界各地的人们向已故领袖表示哀悼。

4. chivalry ［'?iv?lri ］n 骑士精神（如勇气，荣誉感，谦恭及扶助弱小等）Marie seemed to revel in his old-fashioned chivalry.

玛丽被他那套过时的骑士精神给迷住了。

5. reverently ［'rev?r?ntli ］adv 虔敬地，恭敬地He got up and took the book out almost reverently.

他起身，恭敬地拿出那本书。

6. forlorn ［f?'l?:n ］adj 孤独凄凉的，没有希望的Going to their rescue in a rowing-boat is a bit of a forlorn hope.

乘划艇去救他们，希望不大。

7. eloquence ［'el?kw?ns ］n 口才，雄辩

The crowd were swayed by his eloquence.

他的口才打动了群众。

8. mockery ［'m?k?ri ］n 嘲弄，讥笑

The performance was an utter mockery.

这演出纯粹是拙劣的模仿。

9. eulogy ［'ju:l??i ］n 颂词，颂文

Her latest film has brought eulogies from the critics.

她最近的电影获得影评界的好评。

10. slog ［sl?ɡ ］v 稳步地沿某方向走（常指艰难地）He slogged up the hill in the dark.

他在黑暗中吃力地向山上走。

11. perpetuate ［p?(:)'petjueit ］v 使（某事物）永存或持续These measures will perpetuate the hostility between the two groups.

采取这些措施势必使那两集团永远对立。

12. epoch ［'i:p?k?'ep?k ］n 纪元，时代，时期Einstein's theory marked a new epoch in mathematics.

爱因斯坦理论开创了数学的新纪元。

13. frontier ［'fr?ntj? ］n 极限（尤指有关某事物的知识的），尖端His discovery has advanced the frontiers of science.

他的发现拓展了科学的领域。

14. inviolable ［in'vai?l?bl ］adj 不可侵犯的，不可违背的The people possess inviolable rights.

人民享有不可侵犯的权利。

15. corollary ［k?'r?l?ri ］n 自然的结果，推断Neither of them knew about it, and the corollary of that is that someone else revealed thesecret.

他们两人并不知道这回事，因此一定是另外有人泄露了秘密。

16. extremist ［iks'tri:mist ］n 偏激的人，极端主义者When it comes to patriotism, he's an extremist.

一谈到爱国主义，他就很偏激。

17. fabric ［'f?brik ］n （某事物的）结构

The fabric of society has been deeply damaged by the previous regime.

之前的政权极大地破坏了这个社会的结构。

18. ominous ［'?min?s ］adj 不祥的，险恶的

Those black clouds look a bit ominous.

乌云压顶，来势不妙。

19. glimmer ［'ɡlim? ］v 发出微光，迹象

We begin to see a glimmer of hope.

我们开始看到一线希望。

20. mournful ［'m?:nful ］adj 悲哀的，令人悲痛的I wish you’d stop playing that mournful music.

求你别弹那种哀乐了吧。

Language Guide

West Point

美国西点军事学院

美国西点军事学院（The United States Military Academy at West Point），常被称为西点军校，是美国第一所军事学校。西点军校的校训是“责任、荣誉、国家”，该校是美国历史最悠久的军事学院之一。

His Maker

造物主

造物主指的是万物的创造者，基督教徒认为上帝创造万物，因此称上帝为“造物主”。

Plato

柏拉图

柏拉图（约公元前427年—公元前347年），古希腊伟大的哲学家，也是全部西方哲学乃至整个西方文化最伟大的哲学家和思想家之一，他和老师苏格拉底，学生亚里士多德并称为古希腊三大哲学家。柏拉图是西方客观唯心主义的创始人，其哲学体系博大精深，他一生著述颇丰，其教学思想主要集中在《理想国》。

Grammar Master

1. 本文存在大量排比句，排比结构是英语写作中一个较为常见的修辞手段，它既能增加文章的清晰度，又能使一个句子或一个段落的思想内容逐步递进。这种三项式的排比句，往往是为了表达意思上的顺序先后、程度轻重、范围大小，以便逐层深入，达到良好的修辞效果。

名词排比

例　But no president, no Congress, no government, can undertake this mission alone.

任何总统，任何国会，任何政府都不能单独完成这一使命。

动词排比

例　This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.

我们的国家过去经得起考验，今后还将经得起考验，美国将复兴，美国将繁荣。

名词性成分并列

例　With God's help, the future of mankind will be assured in a world of justice, harmony, andpeace.

在上帝的保佑下，人类的未来无疑将是个公正、和谐与和平的世界。

副词排比

例　We were in the midst of shock--but we acted. We acted quickly, boldly, decisively.

我们虽然处在惊恐之中——但是我们采取了行动，迅速、大胆、坚定地采取了行动。

表语成分排比

例　America is ready to encourage, eager to initiate, anxious to participate in any seemly programlikely to lessen the probability of war, and promote that brotherhood of mankind which must beGod's highest conception of human.

美国随时鼓励、热情推动、积极参加任何有助于减少战争爆发可能性的计划，并促进上帝对人类关系的最高思想——四海之内皆兄弟。

现在分词排比

例　With this, we can build a great cathedral of the spirit--each of us raising it one stone at a time,as he reaches out to his neighbor, helping, caring, doing.

每当我们每一个人向邻人伸出手来，帮助他、照顾他、为他办事的时候，我们也就为这个精神大厦添了一块砖。

2. 伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。

例　He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper.

他坐在扶手椅里读报。

例　All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.

他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。

伴随状语出现的条件是，由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。

例　The dog entered the room, following his master.

这条狗跟着主人进了屋。

例　The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red.

小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了。

例　The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day.

这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗都陪伴着他。