历年考研英语阅读理解mp3(05-1)（在线收听） |
| [00:00.00]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作 [00:06.04]2005 Text1 [00:11.27]Everybody loves a fat pay rise. [00:14.10]Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn [00:17.22]that a colleague has been given a bigger one. [00:20.43]Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, [00:24.06]you might even be outraged. [00:26.69]Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", [00:30.64]with the underlying assumption that other animals [00:33.44]would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. [00:37.99]But a study by Sarah Brosnan [00:40.10]and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, [00:44.72]which has just been published in Nature, [00:47.56]suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. [00:52.10]The researchers studied the behaviour of female [00:55.22]brown capuchin monkeys. [00:57.95]They look cute. [00:59.24]They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, [01:02.17]and they share their food readily. [01:04.80]Above all, like their female human counterparts, [01:08.62]they tend to pay much closer attention to [01:11.36]the value of "goods and services" than males. [01:15.90]Such characteristics make them perfect candidates [01:19.01]for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. [01:23.38]The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys [01:26.89]to exchange tokens for food. [01:30.32]Normally, the monkeys were happy enough [01:32.84]to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. [01:37.48]However, when two monkeys [01:39.21]were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, [01:42.75]so that each could observe [01:44.25]what the other was getting in return for its rock, [01:47.47]their behaviour became markedly different. [01:51.40]In the world of capuchins, [01:53.31]grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). [01:58.35]So when one monkey was handed a grape [02:00.89]in exchange for her token, [02:02.80]the second was reluctant to hand hers over [02:05.74]for a mere piece of cucumber. [02:07.95]And if one received a grape without [02:09.85]having to provide her token in exchange at all, [02:13.68]the other either tossed her own token [02:16.40]at the researcher or out of the chamber, [02:19.52]or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. [02:23.45]Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in [02:26.07]the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) [02:30.12]was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. [02:33.95]在线英语听力室(www.tingroom.com)友情制作 [02:34.56]The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, [02:37.79]like humans, are guided by social emotions. [02:41.62]In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. [02:45.67]Such cooperation is likely to be stable only [02:49.10]when each animal feels it is not being cheated. [02:52.84]Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, [02:55.54]are not the preserve of people alone. [02:58.57]Refusing a lesser reward completely makes [03:01.39]these feelings abundantly clear [03:03.21]to other members of the group. [03:06.84]However, whether such a sense of fairness [03:09.86]evolved independently in capuchins and humans, [03:13.49]or whether it stems from the common ancestor [03:16.13]that the species had 35 million years ago, [03:19.56]is, as yet, an unanswered question. |
| 原文地址：http://www.tingroom.com/lesson/lnkyyy/ydlj/62683.html |