大学英语自学教程上UNIT5(在线收听) |
[00:02.14]第五单元 课文A [00:04.28]Fallacies about Food [00:06.50]关于食品的错误观点 [00:08.72]Many primitive peoples believed [00:11.05]很多原始人相信, [00:13.37]that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. [00:17.45]动物就可以获得这种动物的某些长处。 [00:21.52]They thought, for example, [00:23.44]比如,他们认为, [00:25.36]that eating deer would make them runas fast as the deer. [00:28.55]吃鹿肉能使他们跑得像鹿一样飞快。 [00:31.74]Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies [00:35.02]一些野蛮部落则相信, [00:38.30]that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave. [00:41.42]吃那些在战斗中表现骁勇的敌人能使他们也勇敢。 [00:44.54]Man-eating may have started because [00:46.92]吃人现象开始发生可能是因为 [00:49.29]people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies. [00:52.62]人们渴望变得像他们的敌人一样强壮和勇敢。 [00:55.95]Among civilized people [00:58.14]在文明人中, [01:00.32]it was once thought that ginger root by come magical power [01:03.70]生姜曾被认为具有魔力, [01:07.08] could improve the memory. [01:09.26]能提高人们的记忆力。 [01:11.44]Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty. [01:14.32]蛋则被认为能使人的声音甜美。 [01:17.19]Tomatoes also were believed to have magicai powers. [01:20.52]人们也相信西红柿有魔力, [01:23.85]They were called love apples [01:26.13]称之为爱情苹果。 [01:28.40]and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love. [01:31.48]人们以为,谁吃了西红柿,谁就会陷入情网。 [01:34.56]Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up-- [01:38.04]后来,又出现了关于西红柿的另一种错误说法—— [01:41.51]the idea that they were poisonous. [01:43.99]即西红柿有毒。 [01:46.48]How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be [01:49.75]如果有这种想法的人知道二战期间 [01:53.03]if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes [01:56.61]成百万磅的西红柿被供应给在海外作战的士兵, [02:00.19]were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War II. [02:03.22]他们该多惊讶呀。 [02:06.25]Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food. [02:09.88]即使今天仍有许多关于食物的错误说法。 [02:13.51]Some of them are very widespread. [02:16.10]其中一些还流传甚广。 [02:18.68]One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. [02:21.86]这些说法中有一种是,鱼是最好的健脑食品。 [02:25.03]Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. [02:29.81]鱼是良好的益脑食品,正如它对肌肉、皮肤和骨骼是有闪的食品一样。 [02:34.59]But no one has been able to prove [02:37.11]但还没有 人能够证明, [02:39.63] that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food. [02:43.07]鱼的益脑作用比许多别的食品要强。 [02:46.50]Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals. [02:49.98]另一种错误的说法是,吃饭时我不应该喝水。 [02:53.45]Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, [02:57.33]喝水将食物冲下而替代咀嚼固然不是好办法, [03:01.21]but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. [03:04.29]但人们发现吃饭时喝些水是有益的。 [03:07.38]It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food. [03:11.35]水能够促进消化液的分泌,从而帮助消化。 [03:15.32]Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation [03:18.79]科学家告诉我们, [03:22.27] have to do with mixtures of foods. [03:24.84]很多毫无根据的说法与混合食物有关。 [03:27.41]A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk [03:31.28]几年前,这种看法变得十分普遍, [03:35.14] should never be drunk at the same meal. [03:37.57]即桔汁和牛奶决不可在同一餐中饮用。 [03:40.00]The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice [03:43.03]所给的理由是桔汁中的果酸会使牛奶凝结, [03:46.06] would make the milk curdle and become indigestible. [03:49.04]使之变得难以消化。 [03:52.02]As a matter of fact,milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles it; [03:57.31]但事实上,牛奶在胃里总是与一种使之凝结的消化液混合。 [04:02.60]the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. [04:05.83]牛奶的凝结是其被消化的第一步。 [04:09.05]A similar wrong idear is that fish and ice cream [04:12.32]另一种类似 的错误观点是, [04:15.58]when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination. [04:19.07]在同一餐中吃鱼和水淇淋会使二者形成一种有毒的化合物。 [04:22.56]Still another wrong idea about mixing foods [04:25.84]还有一种关于混合食物的错误观点, [04:29.11]is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal. [04:32.94]即蛋白质和碳水化合物决不可在同一餐中食用。 [04:36.77]Many people think of'bread, for example,as a carbohydrate food. [04:39.90]比如,很多人认为面包是一种碳水化合物食品。 [04:43.04]It is chiefly a carbohydrate food, but it also contains proteins[04:47.41]面包主要是碳水化合物食品,但它也含有蛋白质。 [04:51.79]In the same way,milk, probably the best single food, [04:54.92]同样地,牛奶可算是最佳的单一食品了, [04:58.06] contains both proteins and carbohydrates. [05:00.88]但它却同时含有蛋白质及碳水化合物。 [05:03.70]It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together [05:07.72]决不能把肉类和土豆放在一起吃,这种说法是愚蠢的, [05:11.75]as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk. [05:15.08]就像是说不要吃面包或不要喝牛奶一样。 [05:18.41]Text B [05:20.04]课文B [05:21.67]Do Animals Think? [05:23.50]动物会思考吗? [05:25.33]The question has often been asked,Do animals think? [05:28.36]人们经常会问这个问题,动物会思考吗? [05:31.39]I believe that some of them think a great deal. [05:33.96]我相信一些动物思考甚多。 [05:36.54]Many of them are like children in their sports. [05:39.17]很多动物能你孩子一样地游戏。 [05:41.81]We notice this to be true very often with dogs and cats; [05:44.69]我们注意到猫和狗是这样的, [05:47.56]but it is true with other animals as well. [05:50.13]但别的动物也如此。 [05:52.71]Some birds are very lively in their sports; [05:55.64]一些鸟类在游戏时非常活泼, [05:58.58]and the same is true with some insects. [06:01.10]一些昆虫也如此。 [06:03.62]The ants,hardworking as they are,have their times for play. [06:07.26]蚂蚁尽管工作很勤劳,但仍有时间玩耍。 [06:10.89]They run races;they wrestle;and sometimes they have mock fights together. [06:14.86]它们赛跑、摔跤,有时还一起进行模拟战斗。 [06:18.83]Very busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports. [06:22.07]它们在从事这些游戏时,思想一定很忙碌。 [06:25.31]There are many animals, however, [06:27.64]但还有很多动物从不玩耍。 [06:29.98]that never play;their thoughts seem to be of the more sober kind. [06:33.51]它们的思想似乎属于比较严肃那一类的。 [06:37.04]We never see frogs engaged in sport. [06:39.52]我们从没有见过青蛙做什么游戏。 [06:42.00]They all the time appear to be very grave. [06:44.62]所有时候它们都显得很庄重。 [06:47.25]The same is true of the owl, [06:49.59]猫头鹰也这样, [06:51.92]who always looks as if he were considering some important question. [06:54.96]总是显出一副似乎正在思考重要问题的样子 [06:57.99]Animals think much while building their houses. [07:00.96]动物在建造家园进思考很多。 [07:03.94]The bird searches for what it can use in building its nest, [07:07.06]鸟类在搜寻它所能用来 [07:10.18]and in doing this it thinks. [07:12.40]筑巢的东西时总在思考。 [07:14.63]The beavers think as they build their dams and their houses. [07:17.81]海狸在建房和建筑时也思考问题。 [07:21.00]They think in getting their materials, [07:23.43]它们琢磨如何找到材料, [07:25.86]and also in arranging them,and in plastering them together with mud. [07:29.14]安置材料之后找用泥浆把它们粘在一起。 [07:32.41]Some spiders build houses [07:34.60]一些蜘蛛编织的“房子”队了有思考能力的动物外, [07:36.78]which could scarcely have been made except by some thinking creature. [07:39.86]别的动物几乎不可能造出来。 [07:42.94]As animals think, they learn.Some learn more than others. [07:46.32]正如动物会思考一样,它们也会学习。一些动物比另一些动物学得快。 [07:49.71]The parrot learns to talk,though in some other respects it is quite stupid. [07:53.80]鹦鹉虽然在一些别的方面挺笨,但能学话。 [07:57.88]The mocking bird learns to imitate a great many different sounds. [08:00.97]反舌鸟能学会模仿很多不同的声音。 [08:04.05]The horse is not long in learning many things connected [08:06.92]马在学习干很多与它的活儿 [08:09.80] with the work which he has to do. [08:11.98]有关的事情上还不算慢。 [08:14.16]The shepherd dog does not know as much about most things as some other dogs, [08:17.54]牧羊犬对很多事情不如别的狗知道得多, [08:20.92]and yet he understands very well how to take care of sheep. [08:23.95]可它非常明白应该如何看管好羊群。 [08:26.98]Though animals think and learn, [08:28.90]虽然动物既思考也学习, [08:30.82]they do not make any real improvement in their ways of doing things,as men do. [08:34.21]但在做事的方法上并不能像人那样有真正的改进。 [08:37.59]Each kind of bird has its own way of building a nest, [08:40.46]每种鸟都有其独特的筑巢方式, [08:43.34] and it is always the same way. [08:45.47]但总是一成不变。 [08:47.60]And so of other animals. [08:49.67]别的动物也如此。 [08:51.75]They have no new fashions,and learn none from each other. [08:54.62]它们缺乏新的花们,也不会相互学习。 [08:57.50]But men,as you know,are always finding new ways of building houses, [09:01.13]而人呢,正如你知道的那样,总在发现建造房屋的新方法, [09:04.76]and improved methods of doing almost all kinds of labor. [09:07.59]并入进了几乎所的工作的方法。 [09:10.43]Many of the things that animals know how to do[09:13.21]有许多事情动物知道怎么做, [09:15.99] they seem to know either without learning, [09:18.21]但它们要么未经过学习就会, [09:20.43]or in some way which we cannot understand. [09:22.96],要么是以某种我们不了解的方式学会的。 [09:25.50]They are said to do such things by instinct; [09:28.12]据说它们凭本能就会做这些事, [09:30.75]but no one can tell what instinct is. [09:33.18]但没人能说清什么是本能。 [09:35.61]It is by this instinct that birds build their nests [09:38.44]正是通过这种本能,鸟类搭巢, [09:41.28] and beavers their dams and huts. [09:43.50]海狸筑堤造窝。 [09:45.72]If these things were all planned and thought out just as men plan new houses, [09:49.40]如果这些事情像人设计新房子一样有所计划, [09:53.08]there would be some changes in the fashions of them,and some improvements. [09:56.32]有所设想,式样上就应该有所变化,有所改进。 [09:59.56]I have spoken of the building instinct of beavers. [10:02.54]我已经谈过海狸 的建筑本能。 [10:05.52]An English gentleman caught a young one and put him at first in a cage. [10:09.20]一个英国绅士捉了只小海狸,先把它关在笼子里。 [10:12.88]After a while he let him out in a mom [10:15.67]过了一会儿绅士把它放到一个有各种东西的房间里。 [10:18.45] where there was a great variety of things. [10:20.67]小海狸一被放出来, [10:22.89]As soon as he was let out he began to exercise his building instinct. [10:26.57]就开始运用它的建筑本能。 [10:30.26]He gathered together whatever he could find, [10:32.62]它把所能找到的各种东西集中起来, [10:34.98]brushes,baskets,boots,clothes,sticks,bits of coal,etc., [10:39.75]如刷子、篮子、靴子、衣服、棍子、 [10:44.52] and arranged them as if to build a dam. [10:46.95]小煤块等,把它们摆放得好像筑堤一样。 [10:49.38]Now,if he had had his wits about him, [10:52.32]那么,如果海狸真有才智的话, [10:55.26]he would have known that there was no use in building a dam [10:57.99]它本应该知道 [11:00.71]where there was no water. [11:02.49],在没有水地方筑堤是毫无意义的。 [11:04.27]It is plain that, [11:05.94]很明显, [11:07.61]while animals learn about things by their senses as we do, [11:10.75]当动物像人一样依靠感官学习时, [11:13.88]they do not think nearly as much about what they learn, [11:16.70]它们不像人一样对学习的东西深入思考, [11:19.52]and this is the reason why they do not improve more rapidly. [11:22.50]而这就是为什么它们不能得到更快提高的原因。 [11:25.48]Even the wisest of them, as the elephant and the dog, [11:28.56]即使它们中紧聪明的动物,如大象和狗, [11:31.64]do not think very much about what they see and hear. [11:34.47]对所见所闻也思考不够。 [11:37.29]Nor is this all. [11:39.10]这还不是全部原因。 [11:40.92]There are some things that we understand, [11:43.33]我们人能理解的一些东西, [11:45.75]but about which animals know nothing. [11:47.97]动物对此则一无所知。 [11:50.19]They have no knowledge of anything that happens outside of their own observation . 11:53.87]它们不了解发生在自己观察范围之外的事情。 [11:57.56]Their minds are so much unlike ours [11:59.99]它们头脑与我们的大不一样, [12:02.42]that they do not know the difference between right and wrong. [12:05.24]以致无法知道对错之分。 |
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