[00:13.24]高级英语学生用书 第三册（下）
[00:26.49]Unit 13 The USA
[00:28.85]第十三单元 美国
[00:31.22]Lesson 49
[00:32.90]第四十九课
[00:34.59]1 Reading comprehension
[00:36.81]1 阅读理解
[00:39.03]Read the text fast to get a general idea.
[00:41.61]快速朗读课文，找出文章大意。
[00:44.20]Which of the following subjects are mentioned in the text?
[00:46.82]文章提及的主题是什么？
[00:49.45]Population/History/Government/Sports/Weather/Radio and TV/
[00:54.58]人口/历史/政府/运动/天气/无线电和电视/
[00:59.72]Transport/Food/Parks/Buildings/Hotels
[01:03.60]运输/食品/停车场/建筑/旅馆
[01:07.47]NEW YORK
[01:08.86]纽约
[01:10.24]NEW YORK is built on a group of islands on the east coast of the USA
[01:13.77]纽约市位于美国的东部，
[01:17.30]at a point where several rivers flow into the ocean.
[01:19.93]在河流注入海洋的河口处。
[01:22.57]The first westerner to discover these islands was an Italian explorer in 1524.
[01:26.90]第一个发现这些岛屿的是一个西方人，一个意大利的探险家在1524年发现的。
[01:31.22]In 1626 the island of Manhattan was bought from local Indians,
[01:34.90]1626年从当地的印度人那里买是了曼合顿岛，
[01:38.59]Native Americans,for a handful of goods worth about $24.
[01:42.75]本地美国人，价值大约24美元。
[01:46.92]Today Native Americans express their anger over this business deal.
[01:50.11]今天，本地的美国人对这场交易表示愤怒。
[01:53.29]After the War of Independence ended,
[01:55.37]美国独立战争后，
[01:57.45]New York became the capital of the USA for a short time
[02:03.01](1789-90)before Washington,D.C.
[02:06.29]纽约暂时成为美国的首都，（1780-90）在华盛顿之前。
[02:09.57]By 1820 the population of New York had grown to about 125,000,
[02:13.64]到了1820年，纽约市的人口增长到大约125.000人。
[02:17.72]making it the largest city in the USA.
[02:20.06]成为美国最大的城市。
[02:22.39]In 1858 an area of poor housing,factories and farm buildings
[02:26.47]1858年，贫民院，工厂和农场的所在地
[02:30.54]was torn down and Central Park was created,
[02:33.22]被拆掉建成为中央公园，
[02:35.90]reaching from 59th Street to 110th Street and across three avenues.
[02:40.17]从59街延伸至110街，横跨三条大道。
[02:44.44]There is space for summer picnics,open-air concert,plays and games.
[02:48.07]那有地方给人们去夏令营，户外音乐会，玩耍和做游戏。
[02:51.70]There is a zoo,an art museum,a boating lake,a smaller lake for model boats,
[02:55.88]里面有动物园，艺术博物馆，还有比较小的湖给人们划船，
[03:00.06]and in winter,an ice-skating area.
[03:02.30]在冬天，有地方给人们滑冰。
[03:04.53]In 1892 the age of mass arrivals began,
[03:07.35]国外移民大量涌入始于1892年，
[03:10.17]during which 5 million new people passed through Ellis Island.
[03:13.55]500万新来的人通过埃利斯岛进入美国，
[03:16.94]into the USA over a period of 62 years.
[03:19.76]在随后的62年间.
[03:22.58]Today Ellis Island is a museum,showing the roots of America's new citizens,
[03:26.20]如今埃利斯岛是一个展示美国的新市民的根的博物馆.
[03:29.82]who came from all the corners of the earth.
[03:31.93]来自地球上所有地方的人.
[03:34.05]Officials used to have trouble with the foreign names of people
[03:36.46]官员们经常在外地人的名字里陷入麻烦,
[03:38.88]passing through Ellis Island,
[03:40.76]在埃利斯岛的人,
[03:42.64]and because they were so busy,
[03:46.09]many people's names got changed in the rush.
[03:48.43]因为他们很忙,很多人一起改名字.
[03:50.77]People who wanted to enter the USA
[03:52.95]人们想进入美国
[03:55.13]had to go through a number of mental and physical tests,
[03:57.77]必须又通过大量的精神上和身体上的测试,
[04:00.40]and about 2 million people were turned away.
[04:02.48]大约200万人被逃汰.
[04:04.56]Thus Ellis Island became known as the"Island of Tears".
[04:07.22]因此埃利斯岛被认为"眼泪岛".
[04:09.89]The building of skyscrapers in New York began around the year 1900.
[04:12.85]大约在1900年开始建造摩天楼.
[04:15.82]Because Mahattan Island is made of solid rock,
[04:18.10]因为曼合顿岛是用坚硬的岩石建造的,
[04:20.39]it is safe to build very tall buildings.
[04:22.66]所以建造成高楼大厦是 很安全的
[04:24.93]A 55-storey building went up in 1913,
[04:27.82]一座55层的大楼在1913年建成.
[04:30.71]and in 1931 the Empire State Building was completed,
[04:33.79]1913年帝国大厦建成,
[04:36.87]then the tallest building in the world.
[04:39.00]它是全世界最高的建筑.
[04:41.13]It has 102 storeys and 73 lifts.
[04:43.81]它有102层和73个电梯.
[04:46.48]From the top of it,
[04:49.44]you could see up to a distance of 130 kilometres on a clear day.
[04:52.61]在晴朗的日子里,在它的顶部你可以看到距离达到130千米.
[04:55.78]Today it is no longer the tallest building in the USA,
[05:00.83]or even in New York.
[05:02.55]如今再也没有最高的建筑在美国或者甚至是在纽约了.
[05:04.27]The World Trade Center,an office building for over 1,200 firms
[05:07.00]世界贸易中心,一座有超过1.200间公司的办公楼
[05:09.73]employing about 50,000 people,is even higher at 411 metres.
[05:13.61]雇用了50.000多个人,它甚至高于411米.
[05:17.49]The twin towers are 110 storeys high,
[05:20.07]这两座楼塔有110层高,
[05:22.64]but high-speed lifts controlled by computer
[05:27.29]take only a minute to reach the top.
[05:29.33]但高速的电梯是用电脑控制的,只要仅仅一分钟的时间就可以到达楼顶.
[05:31.36]The towers are further apart at the top than at the base,
[05:36.12]but this is no mistake
[05:37.74]两座塔楼的楼顶之间的距离比楼底部之间的距离要大一些,但这并不是失误.
[05:39.36]This is because the surface of the earth is not flat but round.
[05:42.60]这是因为地球的表面是圆的而不是平的.
[05:45.84]New York never sleeps.
[05:47.66]纽约城永不休息.
[05:49.49]The underground railway runs 24 hours a day,
[05:51.82]地铁轨道上一天24小时都在运转,
[05:54.14]and there are all-night cinemas,bars and restaurants.
[05:56.68]有通宵达旦的电影院,酒巴和餐厅.
[05:59.21]Some people think that the weather is unpleasant,
[06:03.36]the city ugly and dirty,
[06:05.19]有些人认为这个城市又丑又脏,气候又不好,
[06:07.02]the competition fierce and the streets unsafe.
[06:09.89]有着激烈的竞争和街道不安全.
[06:12.77]It is a city in a hurry,but a very exciting place to be.
[06:15.75]它是一个节奏快的城市,但它也是一个令人兴奋的地方.
[06:18.72]Lesson 50
[06:22.75]第五十课
[06:26.77]1 Reading comprehension
[06:29.00]1 阅读理解
[06:31.24]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.
[06:33.90]快速朗读这篇课文并找出问题的答案.
[06:36.56]1 In what ways did the settlers treat the Native Americans unfairly?
[06:40.25]1 殖民者在哪些地方对美洲土著人不公平?
[06:43.93]2 What cause a big change in the wildlife on the plains?
[06:47.31]2 在平原什么使野生动植物发生了很大的变化?
[06:50.70]THE BISON ON THE PLAINS OF AMERICA
[06:52.83]美洲平原上的野牛
[06:54.96]The first settlers on the plains of America were Native Americans.
[06:57.83]在美国的第一批殖民者是美洲土著人.
[07:00.70]It is thought that they arrived more than 30,000 years ago
[07:03.43]有人认为,他们是在30.000年以前
[07:06.16]by crossing a land bridge from Asia to America.
[07:08.70]通过一座陆桥从亚洲来到美洲的.
[07:11.23]They lived by hunting and by gathering roots nuts,and wild fruits.
[07:14.46]他们靠打猎和收集树根果仁和野果为生.
[07:17.68]They also hunted and killed wild animals.
[07:20.02]他们也打猎和杀野生动物.
[07:22.36]Around the year 1600
[07:24.40]大在1600年,
[07:26.43]the first horses were brought to the American continent by the Spanish.
[07:29.25]西班牙人把第一批马带到美国大陆.
[07:32.08]Soon there were many wild horses the across the country.
[07:34.56]不久,有很多野马穿过乡村.
[07:37.04]The Native Americans caught and trained them
[07:39.08]美洲土著人抓到并训练它们,
[07:41.11]and were then able to use them to carry their goods
[07:43.39]这样可以让马运载他们的东西,
[07:45.66]when they travelled from one camping ground to another.
[07:47.89]当他们从一个地方到另一个地方露营的时候.
[07:50.13]Now that they could ride horses,it became easier to hunt the bison,
[07:53.00]他们既然会骑马,猎取这种野牛就比较容易了,
[07:55.87]a type of cattle which used to exist in huge numbers on the plains of America.
[07:58.99]一种习惯于成群地生活在美洲平原的牛.
[08:02.12]The bison grows to a shoulder-height of 1.5 metres
[08:07.76]and can weigh 1100 kilograms[08:10.28]野牛长到齐肩1.5米,它们能够称1100千克.
[08:12.80]It was an important part of Native Americans' existence.
[08:15.44]它是美洲土著人生活的一个重要部分.
[08:18.08]Bison were killed for their meat,
[08:19.96]野牛被杀取出它们的肉,
[08:21.84]while their fur provided warm clothing during cold winters.
[08:24.66]在寒冷的冬天,它们的皮为人们提供暖和的衣服.
[08:27.48]The skins were used for making tents and water containers.
[08:30.16]它们的皮被用来制做帐篷和装水的容器.
[08:32.84]Bones were carved into needles and tools,
[08:37.51]and the teeth were used to make necklaces.
[08:39.55]骨头被雕刻成针和工具,牙齿用做项链.
[08:41.59]From 1830 onwards in the USA and from about 1870 in Canada,
[08:45.52]在美国从1830年前和在加拿大从1870年,
[08:49.45]settlers began to move westwards
[08:53.50]and to take possession of the plains as their own.
[08:55.78]殖民者开始向西迁移,并把平原据为己有.
[08:58.07]Large groups of Native Americans were forced
[09:02.62]to move away from their old hunting grounds
[09:04.74]大批美洲土著人被迫离开他们的猎场.
[09:06.87]When they objected,they were killed.
[09:09.11]当他们反抗时就会被杀害.
[09:11.34]Fierce wars between Native Americans and European settlers broke out.
[09:14.21]美洲土著人和欧洲殖民者激烈的战争爆发了.
[09:17.09]Settlers made agreements with Native American chiefs
[09:19.57]殖民者和美洲土著人的领袖定一个协议,
[09:22.05]but always broke them afterwards.
[09:23.98]但是后来他们总是违反了.
[09:25.92]In this way Native Americans were forced onto poor land
[09:29.09]就这样,美国土著人被赶到贫瘠的土地上去了.
[09:32.26]that the settlers did not want.
[09:34.04]殖民者不想要的.
[09:35.82]The settlers built railways across the plains
[09:40.36]and began to hunt even more bison.
[09:42.54]殖民者修建了一条铁路横穿平原并开始更多地杀害野牛.
[09:44.72]While early settlers had killed bison for food,
[09:47.15]当在早期时殖民者杀野牛做食物,
[09:49.58]now the killing became more widespread.
[09:51.61]现在杀野牛变得更广泛了.
[09:53.63]They killed the bison, cut off the skins
[09:58.10]and left the bodies behind to rot.
[10:00.16]他们把野牛杀了,取下它们的皮,让它们的身体腐烂.
[10:02.23]The bison skins were sent by rail to cities to be sold.
[10:05.15]这些牛皮被火车运到城市去卖.
[10:08.08]It was also thought that by removing their main supply of food,
[10:10.60]当时还有人认为,切断美国土著人的主要供给,
[10:13.12]the Native Americans would be forced to give in.
[10:15.44]他们就会被近屈服.
[10:17.77]Between 1850 and 1910 the bison population is thought to have fallen
[10:21.60]在1850年到1910年之间,据说野牛的数量下降
[10:25.42]from 60 million tojust a few hundred.
[10:28.21]从6000万到只剩几百.
[10:30.99]The killing of the bison changed the whole wildlife of the plains.
[10:33.72]杀害野牛引起整个平原的野生动植物的改变.
[10:36.45]With fewer bison,grass shoots were not eaten
[10:41.20]so grass did not grow as strongly.
[10:43.17]由于太少野牛,草发芽了却没有牛去吃,所以草就能生长得很强壮.
[10:45.15]Bison waste no longer fell on the ground to improve the soil,
[10:47.73]地上不再有野牛的粪便来改善土质了.
[10:50.32]which as a result became less good for growing plants.
[10:53.05]结果变得越来越少好的土壤来种植了.
[10:55.78]The ground supported fewer plants,
[10:57.80]地上越来越少的植物,
[10:59.83]and the insects which lived on these plants died out.
[11:02.45]靠这些植物为生的昆虫死光了.
[11:05.08]There was less food for birds and also for the prairie dog,
[11:07.96]鸟类和草原土拔鼠的食物少了,
[11:10.85]a kind of animal which lives in holes in the ground.
[11:13.37]一种生活在地底洞里面的动物.
[11:15.89]This in turn had an effect on the food supply for wolves.
[11:19.07]这对狼的食物供应有一个坏的影响.
[11:22.24]Thus one simple fact,a change in the number of bison,
[11:25.51]这样一个简单的事实,野牛数量的变化,
[11:28.77]had an effect on the whole wildlife chain of the plains.
[11:32.10]对平原的整个野生生物链都产生了影响 |