[00:02.09]第二十课 甘地
[00:04.18]Lesson 77 1 Reading comprehension
[00:08.01]第七十七课 1 阅读理解
[00:11.83]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.
[00:14.81]快速朗读课文，并找出以下问题的答案。
[00:17.79]1 In which countries did Gandhi work for the liberation of Indians?
[00:21.42]1 甘地为了印度的解放，他在哪个国家工作？
[00:25.05]2 What successes did Gandhi gain?
[00:27.68]2 甘地获得了什么成就？
[00:30.30]GANDHI:HIS LIFE
[00:32.12]甘地：他的生活
[00:33.93]He was called "Bapu",meaning "father"
[00:36.56]--他被称为 "Bapu"，意思是父亲--
[00:39.18]because he was the father of the Indian nation of the twentieth century.
[00:42.12]因为他是印度民族二十世纪的父亲。
[00:45.06]Even before India won independence from its British rulers,
[00:48.18]甚至在印度从英国统治者那里赢得了独立，
[00:51.30]it was clear that Gandhi was the key figure and leader
[00:53.89]很明显，甘地是一个很关键的人物和领导者
[00:56.48]in the struggle of 380 million Indians to govern themselves.
[00:59.76]在38亿印度人争取自治的战斗中。
[01:03.03]Mohandas Gandhi was born in India in1869
[01:06.16]莫汉达斯.甘地于1869年在印度出生，
[01:09.28]and was married at the age of 13,following local custom.
[01:12.15]根据本地的风俗在13岁那年结婚。
[01:15.02]In September 1888 at the age of 19,
[01:17.95]在1888年9月，他19岁，
[01:20.88]he sailed to England and after three years' study became a lawyer.
[01:24.15]他航海到英国，通过三年的学习后，他成为了一名律师。
[01:27.43]On his return to India
[01:29.10]他一回到印度，
[01:30.78]he had the chance to travel to South Africa to work on a law case.
[01:33.74]就得到一个机会去南非办理一桩法律案子。
[01:36.71]This experience was to change his life.
[01:38.94]这次经历后来改变了他的生活。
[01:41.17]At this period Indians living in South Africa
[01:43.80]在那个时期，印度安人生活在南非
[01:46.42]were badly treated by South African whites,
[01:48.60]南非的白人对他们很糟，
[01:50.79]and very few of them had the right to vote.
[01:52.85]很少人有权利参加投票。
[01:54.91]Gandhi was thrown off a train and later a mail bus
[01:57.75]甘地曾经先后被人从一列火车里和一辆邮车中扔出来，
[02:00.58]for insisting on travelling in the whites-only section.
[02:02.95]由于坚持要坐白人座位区。
[02:05.31]He was so shocked by this lack of equality and fairness
[02:08.04]他为这样的不平等和不公平感到非常震惊，
[02:10.77]that he formed an organization
[02:14.43]leading the Indians' struggle for equal rights.
[02:16.65]他形成了一个领导印度人为争得平等权利的组织。
[02:18.87]He quickly became the leader.
[02:20.54]很快，他就成了领导人。
[02:22.21]For twenty years Gandhi played an important role
[02:24.88]在二十年里面，甘地扮演着一个很重要的角色
[02:27.54]in working for equal rights for Indians.
[02:29.62]为印度人夺得权利而工作。
[02:31.69]He wrote about socialism in newspapers
[02:33.91]他在报纸上写有关社会主义的报导，
[02:36.13]and started a magazine called "Indian Opinion".
[02:38.76]出了一本叫《印度之声》的杂志。
[02:41.38]When he returned to India
[02:44.62]he spoke in public about the situation in South Africa.
[02:47.25]当他回到印度时，他公开说出了南非的情况。
[02:49.87]South Africa
[02:52.64]passed further laws designed to make life difficult for non-whites.
[02:55.57]南非又通过了一些法令，企图给非白种人的生活造成困难。
[02:58.49]All the Indians over the age of 8 had to carry their permits at all times.
[03:02.13]所有超过8岁的印度人，时时刻刻都要带着通行证。
[03:05.76]The Indians declared that this "Pass Law" was unfair.
[03:08.59]印度人宣称这个通行证法不公平。
[03:11.43]Some of them publicly burnt their permits and many of them were put in prison.
[03:14.51]他们其中一些人公开烧了他们的通行证，许多人被抓进到监狱。
[03:17.59]Other Indians were killed
[03:19.26]另外的印度人被杀死了
[03:20.93]when police officers fiercely attacked their political marches.
[03:23.76]警官猛烈地攻击了他们政治上的进行。
[03:26.58]Finally,as a result of the unrest among the Indian population,
[03:29.66]最后，结果让印度人口发生了很大的动荡，
[03:32.74]the leader of South Africa had to give in.
[03:34.71]南非的领袖必须投降
[03:36.69]Gandhi won his first non-violent struggle against racial discrimination.
[03:39.77]甘地在种族岐视上赢得了他第一次非暴力战争，
[03:42.85]Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and was honoured as a hero.
[03:46.27]1915年，甘地回到了印度，他被当作英雄尊敬。
[03:49.69]Over the next thirty-two years he fought for human rights
[03:52.57]接下来的三十二年后，他为人权而战争
[03:55.44]and the rights of workers who were badly treated by their employers.
[03:58.07]工人的权利，他们的老板对他们很差。
[04:00.69]Finally,he demanded an end to the British rule over India
[04:03.58]最后，他要求结束英国对印度的统治，
[04:06.47]and independence for his country.
[04:08.29]要求国家独立。
[04:10.12]Because of his revolutionary views, he spent many years in prison.
[04:13.00]因为他的革命观点，他在监狱度过了很多年。
[04:15.87]He had a gift for thinking up ways of making political points.
[04:18.55]他具有一种才能，能够想方设法阐明自己的政治观点。
[04:21.22]He encouraged Indians to start making their own cotton cloth
[04:23.86]他鼓励印度人开始做他们自己的衣服
[04:26.50]and to refuse to buy cloth made in England.
[04:28.72]拒绝从英国人那里买衣服。
[04:30.94]Thousands joined him when he led a march to coast,
[04:33.32]当他领导了一次海滨游行时，数千人加入他，
[04:35.70]with the purpose of"making a little salt" when he reached the sea.
[04:38.67]目的是“生产一点食盐”。当他到达海边时。
[04:41.65]At that time only the British government had the right to sell salt,
[04:47.50]which was taxed,
[04:48.97]当时，只有英国政府有权销售盐，而盐是要征税的，
[04:50.43]so Gandhi encouraged the whole nation to make their own salt.
[04:52.96]所以甘地鼓励整个民族制做自己的盐。
[04:55.50]Following this,60,000 Indians,
[05:00.46]including Gandhi,were put in prison.
[05:02.48]在这之后，60000个印度人，包括甘地都被抓进监狱。
[05:04.51]In the end this political movement succeeded
[05:06.78]在这次政治运动成功之后，
[05:09.05]and Indians were allowed to make and sell salt.
[05:11.43]印度人被允许做和卖盐了。
[05:13.81]Many other struggles followed.
[05:15.59]接下来发生了许多其他的战争。
[05:17.36]Finally,India won her independence on August 15th,1947,
[05:21.24]1947,最后，甘地在1947年8月15日赢得了独立，
[05:25.12]but Gandhi himself was shot five months later
[05:29.77]by an Indian who opposed his views.
[05:31.85]但是甘地在五个月后被一个反对他的观点的人暗杀。
[05:33.92]He died on January 30th,1948.
[05:36.56]他死于1948年1月30日。
[05:39.20]Lesson 78 1 Reading comprehension
[05:42.62]第七十八课 1 阅读理解
[05:46.04]Read the text fast to find answers to these questions.
[05:48.68]快速朗读课文，找出以下问题的答案。
[05:51.32]1 What did Gandhi mean by "the force of truth"?
[05:54.35]1 甘地的"the force of truth"是什么意思？
[05:57.38]2 Which event is described in the text?
[06:00.20]2 在课文中描述了哪些事件？
[06:03.02] GANDHI:HIS BELIEFS
[06:04.94] 甘地：他的信仰
[06:06.86]Gandhi was much more than a clever lawyer,a fine speaker,
[06:09.58]甘地远不只是一位聪明的律师、优秀的演说家、
[06:12.30]a determined fighter for human rights and a political leader.
[06:14.92]坚定的人权战士和一位政治领导人。
[06:17.55]He was a model of a different kind of political leader.
[06:19.98]他是一位不同类型的政治领导人的模范。
[06:22.41]The secret lies in the title of the book which he wrote about his early life,
[06:25.35]其奥秘就体现在他写的有关他早年生活，
[06:28.28]"The story of my experiments with truth".
[06:30.50]《我体验真理的故事》这本书名之中。
[06:32.72]He felt free to talk about his failures or his difficulties.
[06:35.40]他说他的失败或者困难时，他感觉是自由的。
[06:38.08]Where he made mistakes he admitted these willingly.
[06:40.46]他犯错误时，很自然地承认。
[06:42.83]Above all,he refused to make any personal gain from his political work.
[06:46.26]最重要的是，他从来不利用他的政治工作获取私人财物。
[06:49.68]Before he returned to India,he decided to live as a poor man
[06:52.66]在他回到印度之前，他决心像一个穷人那样生活
[06:55.63]and not to possess wealth.
[06:57.32]不占有任何财产。
[06:59.00]When he travelled across India,he travelled "hard-seat,unreserved",
[07:02.23]当他走遍整个印度时，坐硬座，坦白地
[07:05.46]together with peasants and other ordinary people.
[07:07.59]和农夫还有其他普通人一起。
[07:09.71]In cities he refused to travel in a rickshaw,
[07:12.09]在城市，他拒绝坐人力车，
[07:14.47]a two-wheeled cart pulled by a bare-footed man.
[07:16.60]一个不穿鞋的男人拉的两脚车。
[07:18.73]He ate simply,and never ate meat.
[07:20.80]他吃素，而且从不吃肉。
[07:22.88]He rose early in the morning and worked at his wheel,
[07:27.84]making cotton thread.
[07:29.32]他早晨起得很早，然后在纺车旁纺棉线。
[07:30.80]He believed that everyone should be prepared to do heavy work,
[07:33.32]他相信每个人都准备做很重的工作，
[07:35.84]from the leaders to the poorest peasants.
[07:37.82]从领导到一个最穷的农夫。
[07:39.81]He was interested in all spiritual matters,not only in the Indian gods.
[07:43.19]他对所有精神上的事物感兴趣，不仅仅是印度的神。
[07:46.57]He read many books and paused in his work at six every evening for prayers,
[07:49.85]他读很多书，每隔六个晚上，他就停下手头上的工作去祈祷。
[07:53.13]even when he was with other world leaders.
[07:55.21]即使当他和其他世界领导人在一起时。
[07:57.28]One day a week he would spend the whole day in silence.
[08:00.10]一个星期有一天他会整天沉默。
[08:02.93]All his life he reached out for the truths of spirits and gods.
[08:06.01]他的一生都在追求神灵的真谛。
[08:09.09]Gandhi believed that one should be able to
[08:11.52]甘地相信一个人能够
[08:13.95]"love the most ordinary being on earth as oneself.
[08:16.59]"就像爱自己一样去爱世界上最普通的人。
[08:19.23]Gandhi hated the custom that had divided Hindu society into separate groups
[08:22.65]甘地讨厌那些把印度分成几块的风俗。
[08:26.07]for thousands of years and his goal was to end this.
[08:28.75]数千年，他的目标要结束了。
[08:31.43]He became a supporter of the poorest group in society,
[08:36.39]who did the lowest paid jobs,
[08:38.22]他在社会中变成最贫穷团体的支持者，他做工资最低的工作。
[08:40.05]Because of his actions
[08:41.68]因为他的行动，
[08:43.31]all Hindus were finally free to draw water from the same village well,
[08:46.54]所有的印度人都可以自由地从同一口井里打水了，
[08:49.76]to go to the same temple to pray and even marry each other.
[08:52.55]去同一个寺庙祈祷，甚至可以通婚。
[08:55.33]Gandhi paid great attention to the equality of women.
[08:57.90]甘地放了很大的注意力在妇女的权利上。
[09:00.47]Perhaps his greatest belief was in an Indian phrase
[09:03.20]在印度的表达语中，他最伟大的信仰
[09:05.93]which he called "the force of truth".
[09:07.97]叫真理的力量。
[09:10.01]If an unfair law existed,--
[09:11.78]如果一个不公平的法律存在着，--
[09:13.56]and there were many that had been passed
[09:15.39]而且很多都通过了
[09:17.22]by the British rulers in India and South Africa--
[09:19.49]英国人统治印度和南非，
[09:21.76]it was the duty of everyone to disobey this law,but without using violence.
[09:25.55]每个人都有责任去反抗这条法律，但是不要使用暴力。
[09:29.34]People should be ready to go to prison for their beliefs,
[09:31.77]人们应该为他们的信仰会使他们坐牢而做好心理准备，
[09:34.20]but they should never take up arms to fight.
[09:36.38]但是他们决不会拿起武器支发动战争。
[09:38.56]The death of Gandhi gave India a chance to mourn
[09:41.13]甘地的死给印度一个悼念的机会，
[09:43.71]and express how he had become "father"to all Indians.
[09:46.68]让人们表达他是怎样成为全印度人民的“父亲”的。
[09:49.66]Millions watched the slow march that took his body through the capital.
[09:52.69]数百万人看着别人抬着他的身体从首都穿过漫长的队伍。
[09:55.72]A further million watched as the fire,
[09:57.96]此外，百万个人看着熊熊的火焰，
[10:00.19]following Indian custom,turned his body to ashes.
[10:02.71]根据印度的风俗，把他的身体火化了。
[10:05.23]Twelve days later,millions more Indians lined the railway tracks
[10:08.47]十二天后，数百万以上的印度人在铁轨上排成队伍行走，
[10:11.71]as a slow train took the jar containing his ashes
[10:14.37]当一辆火车载着用瓶子装着他的骨灰经过时，
[10:17.04]584 kilometres to a place by the river.
[10:19.70]在河边584公里的地方。
[10:22.37]Three million people watched as the ashes of this great man
[10:25.04]300万人看着这位伟人的骨灰
[10:27.72]were gently poured into the brown waters of the river
[10:30.45]被轻轻地撒进棕色的河水里面去
[10:33.18]that would carry them to the ocean.
[10:34.87]把它们带到大海去。
[10:36.55]At the time of his death,one person praised him as follows:
[10:39.52]在他逝世时，有一个人对他作出了以下的赞誉：
[10:42.48]"Future generations,it may be,
[10:44.51]“未来的几代人，有可能
[10:46.53]will hardly believe that such a person as this walked upon this earth.
[10:49.35]"难以相信，在这个人世间曾经有这样的一个人走过。”
[10:52.17]The speaker was Albert Einstein.
[10:54.24]演讲者是艾伯特.爱因斯坦 |