[00:03.58]Scientists at work
[00:05.32]工作中的科学家
[00:07.05]Speaking
[00:08.37]说
[00:09.69]The work of scientists is often discussed.
[00:11.92]科学家的工作经常引起争论.
[00:14.16]Work in pairs and discuss the advantages and disadvantages
[00:17.42]两人一组进行练习,讨论优点和缺点.
[00:20.69]of the following scientific discoveries and applications.
[00:23.61]下面的科学发现及应用
[00:26.54]A:Shanghai is the first city in the world
[00:28.67]A:上海是世界上第一个
[00:30.80]to build a high speed maglev train,from the city to Pudong Airport.
[00:34.29]修建高速磁悬浮铁路上城市.铁路从市区延伸到浦东机场.
[00:37.77]B:Well,in my opinion it's a waste of money.It's much too expensive.
[00:41.30]B:依我看,这是浪费钱.它太贵了.
[00:44.83]A:It's expensive, but very fast.
[00:46.94]A:它是很贵,但是很快.
[00:49.06]In the future,people can travel from Beijing to Shanghai in a few hours.
[00:52.23]将来,人们可以在几个小时内从北京到达上海.
[00:55.41]B:Flying is just as fast.
[00:57.33]B:飞机也可以这么快,这笔钱最好用来
[00:59.25]The money would be better spent building more roads or railways in other parts of China.
[01:03.18]在中国别的地方修建更多的公路和铁路.
[01:07.11]A:More roads and trains mean more pollution.
[01:09.45]A:更多的公路和铁路就意味着更多的污染.
[01:11.78]This new train has no wheels and no engine.
[01:14.16]这种新的火车没有轮子,也没有引擎.
[01:16.54]It's fast and clean and it doesn't make any noise,as planes do.
[01:19.57]它既快又清洁,而且像飞机一样,不会产生噪音.
[01:22.60]We should make more use of this new technology.
[01:24.94]我们应该更多地利用这项新技术.
[01:27.28]READING
[01:28.50]阅读
[01:29.73]FRANKLIN'S FAMOUS KITE EXPERIMENT
[01:31.91]富兰克林的著名风筝 实验
[01:34.09]In the eighteenth century,
[01:35.92]在18世纪,
[01:37.75]Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is.
[01:41.63]本杰明.富兰克林做了一系列试验,以证明电是什么.
[01:45.51]Here is how he described one of his experiments.
[01:48.08]请看他是如何描述他其中的一次实验的:
[01:50.65]In June 1752,
[01:52.69]1752年6月,
[01:54.73]I wanted to show that lightning and electricity are the same.
[01:57.71]我想演示闪电和电是一回事.
[02:00.69]Having realised that I could use a kite to attract lightning
[02:03.86]意识到可以使用风筝来吸引闪电之后,
[02:07.03]I decided to do an experiment.
[02:09.21]我便决定做一次实验.
[02:11.40]I built a strong kite and waited for bad weather.
[02:14.11]我做了一个结实的风筝,等待着糟糕的天气.
[02:16.83]When the first thunderstorm came,
[02:18.89]当第一次雷暴来临时,
[02:20.96]I took my condenser to a shed in the fields where I could do my experiment.
[02:24.44]我把我的电容器带到田间座可以做实验的小屋
[02:27.93]My son helped me fly the kite.
[02:30.11]我的儿子帮我放风筝.
[02:32.29]The kite flew high in the rainy sky,but nothing happened.
[02:35.23]风筝在下雨的空中飞得很高,但什么事情也没有发生.
[02:38.17]I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.
[02:41.10]我开始想这次实验要失败了.
[02:44.02]Just then ,I saw some of the hairs on the string stand up.
[02:47.20]正在此时,我看到细绳上的一些毛发竖了起来.
[02:50.37]The string was getting charged!
[02:52.41]细绳带电了!
[02:54.45]I brought my finger close to the key
[02:56.57]我把自己的手指靠近钥匙
[02:58.70]and felt a light but very clear electric shock.
[03:01.38]能感到轻微但很明显的电击.
[03:04.06]Others followed even before the whole string was wet,
[03:06.63]细绳上的其他细毛在风筝线被打湿之前也随之立了起来,
[03:09.20]and I was able to collect and store a great deal of electricity in the condenser.
[03:12.78]这样我就能够把大量的电收集在电容器中.
[03:16.36]This experiment proves that lightning and electricity
[03:19.09]这次实验证明了闪电和电
[03:21.82]are the same.
[03:23.19]是一回事.
[03:24.56]To do the experiment you need four things:
[03:26.89]要做这样的实验你需要四件东西:
[03:29.21]a kite,a key,some really bad weather and a condenser to store electricity.
[03:33.45]一个风筝,一个钥匙,恶劣的天气和一个采集并贮存电的电容器.
[03:37.68]Most kites are made of paper,
[03:39.56]大多数风筝都是纸做的
[03:41.44]but a kite made of silk
[03:43.20]但是丝绸做的风筝
[03:44.97]will not tear so soon in weather with rain and strong winds.
[03:47.94]在暴风雨的天气中能够持续使用更长的时间.
[03:50.92]Build the frame of the kite
[03:52.75]这样先搭起一个风筝框架.
[03:54.58]by making a small cross of two pieces of light wood.
[03:57.61]用两根很轻的小木条做成一个小十字架,
[04:00.64]The pieces should be just long enough to reach the corners of the handkerchief.
[04:04.06]两根木条的长度应该足以够到手绢的四角.
[04:07.48]Tie the corners of the handkerchief to the points of the cross,
[04:10.36]把手绢的四角系在十字架上,
[04:13.23]and you will have a nice strong kite.
[04:15.75]这样你就可以做成一个很好,很结实的风筝.
[04:18.27]Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross
[04:21.50]给风筝的框架加上一个尾巴,
[04:24.72]so you can controlthe kite.
[04:26.55]在十字架上系上一个长细以便你控制风筝.
[04:28.38]The next steps are very important.
[04:30.60]接下来的三个步骤十分重要.
[04:32.82]First,fix a very sharp piece of metal pointing a foot or more above the frame
[04:36.85]首先,在十字架骨架较长的一根木棍的端部固定一根金属丝,
[04:40.87]to the top of the longest stick of the cross.
[04:43.35]使它比框架长出一英尺或更长的一些.
[04:45.83]Second,fasten a key to the end of the long string.
[04:48.95]其次,把钥匙固定在那根长细绳的的末端.
[04:52.08]Third,tie a silk ribbon to the string just above the key.
[04:55.39]第三,在细绳上系上一条丝带,正好超过钥匙.
[04:58.71]This ribbon,which must not get wet,will protect you from the electricity
[05:02.18]这个丝带不要浸湿,它可以保护你不受电击.
[05:05.66]Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears to be coming on.
[05:08.39]在暴风雨即将来临的时候去做风筝.
[05:11.12]Stand inside a door,
[05:12.95]站在门里
[05:14.78]or under some cover,so that the silk ribbon does not get wet.
[05:17.75]或遮盖物下面,以便丝带不被弄湿.
[05:20.73]Take care that the string does not touch the wall or the door.
[05:23.67]小心别让细绳碰到墙上或门上.
[05:26.61]When a thundercloud comes over the kite,
[05:28.74]当雷雨云笼罩了风筝之后.
[05:30.87]the sharp piece of metal will pull the electricity from the cloud.
[05:33.95]金属丝会把电传导过来,
[05:37.03]The kite and the string will become charged.
[05:39.30]这样,风筝和细绳也就带电了.
[05:41.58]When the kite and the string are wet from the rain,
[05:43.95]当风筝和细绳在雨中浸湿的时候,
[05:46.33]they will conduct the electricity very well.
[05:48.71]它们会充分地导电,
[05:51.09]You can collect and store the electricity in the condenser
[05:53.87]这样你就能把电收集并贮存在电容中
[05:56.65]and use it for other experiments.
[05:58.64]并用它做其他的实验.
[06:00.62]Work book
[06:04.25]练习本
[06:07.88]Unit 16
[06:09.41]16单元
[06:10.94]Scientists at work
[06:12.61]工作中的科学家
[06:14.28]Integrating skills
[06:15.92]综合技能
[06:17.55]Reading
[06:18.78]阅读
[06:20.00]Writing with colour
[06:21.53]颜色的呈现
[06:23.06]The following simple experiments is used to separate different liquids.
[06:26.23]下面是个简单的实验就是分离不同的液体.
[06:29.41]It is a technique that can be used by the police
[06:31.69]这种方法经常被警察使用.
[06:33.98]to find out whether people have used drugs or not.
[06:36.36]用来找出人们是否有毒品.
[06:38.73]It can also be used in science experiments
[06:40.95]这个实验也在科学实验中用来
[06:43.17]to find out about different colours in leaves,
[06:45.55]发现叶子中的不同颜色
[06:47.93]flowers and in different kinds of ink.
[06:50.36]花和不同种类的墨水
[06:52.79]A simple classroom experiment shows the hidden colours in ordinary markers
[06:56.31]一个简单的班级实验表明普通的彩色蜡笔背后颜色.
[06:59.84]using the "magic"of this technique.
[07:01.90]使用技巧的魔术
[07:03.97]Who would guess that within any brown or black marker in your pencil box
[07:07.25]谁能想像得出在你铅笔盒里面的褐色或黑色的蜡笔.
[07:10.52]lie all possible colours?
[07:12.51]所有可能的颜色?
[07:14.49]Or that this rainbow of colours would be so easy to set free?
[07:17.62]或者彩虹的颜色有如此易变吗?
[07:20.74]The secret is a simple technique called paper chromatography
[07:24.02]一个简单的技术奥秘被称为纸色谱法
[07:27.29]chromatography comes from the ancient Greek language
[07:29.97]色谱法来自古希腊的语言.
[07:32.65]and means "writing with colour".
[07:34.67]意思是"颜色的呈现"
[07:36.70]It separates the colours in liquids,such as ink.
[07:39.12]它在液体中分离颜色,比如墨水.
[07:41.53]Paper chromatography is a simple experiment and easy to do in class.
[07:44.91]在教室里,色谱法是一个很简单很容易的实验.
[07:48.30]Materials:white paper towels or napkins,two glasses or cups.
[07:52.37]原料:白色的纸毛巾或餐巾纸两个玻璃杯或杯子.
[07:56.45]scissors,two pencils,
[07:58.82]剪刀,两只铅笔
[08:01.20]two markers(Black and brown work best.)a stapler,some water
[08:05.59]两只蜡笔(黑色和褐色最好工作)一个订书机,一些水
[08:09.98]Instructions:
[08:11.44]说明书:
[08:12.90]1.Cut strips out of the paper towels or napkins
[08:16.03]1.把纸毛巾或餐巾纸剪成条.
[08:19.15]that are about as long as the height of the glasses or cups.
[08:21.93]只要高过玻璃杯或杯子
[08:24.71]2.Fold the end of each strip over,and then staple it.
[08:27.99]2.把每个纸条折叠起来然后订住它.
[08:31.27]3.Make a clear dot of ink near the bottom of each strip.
[08:34.65]3.在纸条的底部用墨水打个点.
[08:38.03]4.Put some water in each glass or cup.
[08:40.82]4.在玻璃杯或杯子里放些水.
[08:43.60]5.Hang the strip on the pencil and put the pencil on top of the glass or cup.
[08:48.13]5.把纸条挂在铅笔上然后把铅笔放在玻璃杯或杯子的上面.
[08:52.66]6.Put the bottom of the paper strip in the water,
[08:55.55]6.把纸的底部放进水里面去.
[08:58.44]but the water should not touch the ink dot.
[09:00.71]但水不能接触到墨水.
[09:02.98]Make sure the ink stays above the water and the paper stays in the water.
[09:06.30]要确定墨水在水的上面而纸停留在水里面.
[09:09.62]7.Allow the water to go up through the strip
[09:12.49]7.水随着纸上升.
[09:15.36]and watch what happens to the ink dot.
[09:17.49]会看到墨水点有什么变化.
[09:19.62]Description and explanation
[09:21.45]解释说明
[09:23.28]The water moves up through the paper.
[09:25.32]水随着纸慢慢移动
[09:27.35]When it comes to the ink dot,the water takes the ink with it.
[09:30.58]当它来到墨水点的时候,墨水点就被夺走了.
[09:33.81]As the water moves up the strip,
[09:35.74]当水蔓延到纸条上.
[09:37.67]the black or brown ink dot changes shape and colour.Ink is a mix.
[09:41.36]黑色或褐色的墨水点就变了形状和颜色.这时的墨水是混淆的.
[09:45.04]For example,black ink contains several colours.
[09:47.91]比如,黑色的墨水包含有不同的颜色.
[09:50.79]Not all colours"travel" at the same speed.
[09:53.36]不是全部的颜色都是同样的速度.
[09:55.93]Some end up much further away from the dot.
[09:58.36]有些颜色远离这个点.
[10:00.79]That is why we see the colours spread out like a rainbow.
[10:06.01]这就是我们为什么会看到这些颜色展成一条彩虹 |