[00:07.99]"I couldn't believe my eyes!
[00:12.96]The car was upside down and the driver was bleeding and screaming.
[00:19.30]One of the passengers was on the ground.It looked as if she were dead.
[00:25.97]If I had known more about giving first aid,I could have helped them."
[00:32.84]People who have witnessed an accident
[00:38.16]often wish that they had done things differently.
[00:43.34]Seconds count in an emergency,
[00:48.30]and knowing what to do can mean the difference between life and death.
[00:54.78]The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency
[01:01.02]is to stay calm.
[01:04.50]If we were to panic,we would not be able to help.
[01:10.74]By staying calm we will be able to think what to do and make better decisions.
[01:18.68]We can also prepare for an emergency by learning more about first aid.
[01:26.15]Calling an ambulance or the police is important,
[01:31.61]but there is more we can and should do.
[01:36.47]If we know how to respond,we can save lives.
[01:42.32]Many hospitals recommend that we use the letters DR ABC
[01:50.08]to remember what to do when we have to think fast.
[01:54.18]D stands for danger.
[01:59.25]We should first of all make sure that the accident scene is no longer dangerous.
[02:07.19]If we were to get hurt trying to save someone,
[02:12.94]we would not be able to help.R is for response.
[02:19.81]We can do a lot of good by simply asking "Are you all right?".
[02:25.74]If the person can answer,
[02:29.58]we know that he or she is conscious and can breathe.
[02:35.43]The question will also calm the person,
[02:40.16]letting him or her know that help is on the way.
[02:45.72]A is for airway.
[02:50.27]We must make sure that a person's airway is open and it is easy to breathe.
[02:58.21]This can be done by gently tipping the person's head back slightly.
[03:05.18]B is for breathing.
[03:09.83]We should check that the person can breathe.
[03:15.00]Is his or her chest moving?
[03:20.15]If the person is not breathing,
[03:24.23]we must try to start his or her breathing at once,
[03:29.79]using the mouth-to-mouth method.
[03:34.05]If this is not done within five minutes,the person will die.
[03:40.53]If a person is breathing but not conscious,
[03:46.59]it is usually best for him or her not to be moved.
[03:52.93]C is for circulation.
[03:57.61]Is the person's blood circulating?
[04:01.76]We can look for colour coughing,and eye movement.
[04:07.82]We can also check a person's pulse
[04:12.58]by putting a finger on the person's neck or wrist.
[04:18.14]If a person is bleeding,
[04:22.50]we should cover the wound with a clean piece of cloth
[04:27.96]and press on the wound to stop the bleeding.
[04:33.42]When we have checked the DR ABC,
[04:38.57]we should give the first aid that is needed and call an ambulance.
[04:45.34]We should never try to revive a person unless we know how to do it.
[04:52.00]We may make things worse.
[04:56.44]Many hospitals and schools offer training classes
[05:02.18]for people who are interested in learning first aid.
[05:08.04]When we have given first aid,we should put the person in the recovery position.
[05:15.40]This is a way of placing a body
[05:19.97]so that the airway is clear and it is easy to breathe.
[05:25.93]Here is how it is done:
[05:29.77]1 Roll the person onto one side.Keep the legs straight.
[05:38.13]2 Place the hand of the person's upper arm under his or her chin.
[05:47.27]3.Bend the person's leg so that he or she will not roll over.
[05:56.02]We should stay with the person and wait for the ambulance.
[06:02.06]We can cover the person with a blanket or a jacket
[06:08.09]to help him or her stay warm.
[06:13.13]Unit 8 Integrating skills
[06:23.09]Reading DEALING WITH COMMON INJURIES
[06:29.46]Accidents happen.
[06:33.40]We do our best to be careful and prevent bad things from happening,
[06:39.07]but most of us will eventually find ourselves in a situation
[06:44.53]where we or someone else needs help.
[06:48.97]Everyone should know what to do if an accident were to happen
[06:55.53]Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure
[07:01.49]that we will not have to feel that we could have done more.
[07:06.45]Here is some advice for dealing with common injuries:Animal bites.
[07:13.89]If you are bitten by an animal,wash the wound with cold running water.
[07:20.66]Then see a doctor as soon as possible.
[07:25.83]Burns.Cool the area of skin at once.
[07:31.79]Wash the area of skin under the cold tap for several minutes.
[07:37.25]Cover the wound with a loose bandage or a piece of dry clean cloth.
[07:43.91]See a doctor if a child has been burnt
[07:48.45]or if more than ten percent of the body has been burnt.
[07:53.63]Cuts.For a simple cut,it is only necessary to wash the area of the cut,
[08:02.56]dry it and cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth.
[08:07.71]If a person is bleeding badly,you must try to stop the bleeding,
[08:13.66]if a person loses one third of his or her blood,he or she may die.
[08:21.42]Press a handkerchief onto the bleeding point and hold it there.
[08:27.06]Poisoning.If you think that someone may have been poisoned,
[08:33.54]you should do the following.
[08:37.30]First,talk to the person to find out if he or she is conscious and breathing.
[08:44.57]If the person isn't breathing,
[08:48.12]clear the airway and try to get him or her to breathe.
[08:53.68]If the person is conscious and breathing,
[08:58.23]try to get him or her to spit out any poison that may still be in the mouth.
[09:05.20]Next, call for an ambulance.
[09:09.25]Search the room for any pills or bottles that may contain the poison.
[09:15.18]Send whatever you find to the hospital
[09:19.54]to help the doctor find out what kind of poison the person has swallowed.
[09:25.29]Work book Unit 8 Integrating skills
[09:34.25]Reading FIRST AID RIGHT AND WRONG
[09:39.71]Read the following descriptions of accidents
[09:45.06]and decide what the rescuers did wrong.
[09:49.71]CAR ACCIDENT
[09:53.68]We saw the car hit the truck.It flew into the air and landed on its side.
[10:01.94]We stopped and ran straight to the car.
[10:06.07]Petrol was coming from the car and a small fire was burning near the engine.
[10:11.94]The driver was not moving and was bleeding from a cut on her face.
[10:18.11]The passenger was screaming and held his leg.
[10:22.55]Because the passenger was in so much pain,
[10:27.10]I hurried over to him and tried to lift him out of the car.
[10:31.85]My friend was saying "Oh my god, oh my god,they're going to die!"
[10:38.62]We managed to get the passenger out of the car and put him down on the road.
[10:45.09]I put him comfortably on his back and looked at his leg.
[10:50.14]It looked as if it were broken.
[10:53.69]I took out my handkerchief and tied it very tightly around his leg.
[10:59.93]Then we ran back to the car to look at the driver.She was not moving.
[11:05.89]We got the door open and carried her to the man.
[11:10.93]SKATING ACCIDENT
[11:14.59]I was walking along the road next to the river
[11:20.25]when I saw a little girl fall through the ice.
[11:25.30]She disappeared under the water for a moment and then came back up.
[11:31.77]She screamed for help and waved her hands.
[11:36.63]I jumped down on the ice and ran as fast as I could to where she was.
[11:42.80]I tried to walk as close to her as possible and reach her.
[11:49.96]She grabbed my hands and I tried to pull her out of the water.
[11:56.02]HOTEL FIRE I was in my hotel room when I heard the fire alarm.
[12:03.88]I grabbed my bags and kicked the door open.
[12:08.92]I ran as fast as I could to the lift.
[12:13.28]When I was almost there I remembered that I had left my camera in the room,
[12:20.13]so I hurried back to get it.
[12:24.36]Suddenly there was smoke everywhere and I saw flames coming from two other rooms.
[12:32.30]I went back into my room and opened the window so I could get some air.
[12:39.25]Then I ran towards the stairs, carrying my bags and my camera.
[12:45.41]The hotel was filled with smoke and I started coughing.
[12:50.98]POISONING A man was lying on the floor
[12:56.23]There was a bottle of pills next to him.
[13:00.59]It must be drug poisoning,I thought.
[13:05.45]I could not tell if he was alive,
[13:09.71]so I immediately started blowing air into his mouth.
[13:15.17]He coughed and I decided to make him throw up so that there would be no more poison in hisbody.
[13:22.14]After he had thrown up a couple of times,I gave him some milk to drink.
[13:28.49]He still looked sick and seemed very sleepy.
[13:33.95]I left the room to call for help and when I got back he was asleep again.
[13:40.72]I shook him hard a few times and he woke up.
[13:45.97]I then cleaned up the room and threw away the bottle of pills.
[13:52.44]I put him on his back so that he would be comfortable.
[13:57.59]Then I went outside to wait for the ambulance |