Lying
NB: This is not an accurate word-for-word transcript
Dan: Hello and welcome to this week’s 6 Minute English. I’m Dan Walker Smith
and today I’m joined by Kate. Now Kate, here's an awkward question for you:
do you consider yourself a good liar?
Kate: A good liar? Ooh, no, absolutely（绝对的） not. I’ve never been a good liar; I always go
bright red, and I can’t look the person I’m talking to in the eye.
Dan: Well, this week's show is all about lies and lying. According to one researcher,
most people tell two important lies each day. And a third of all conversations
involve some form of deception（欺骗）. Deception is something that is misleading,
dishonest or untruthful.
So this week's question for you Kate is: according to a recent survey, which
profession admits to lying the most? Is it:
a) teachers
b) doctors
c) politicians
Kate: Well I think that’s quite an obvious one; I would say c) politicians, because
doctors and teachers of course are very upright（正直的） members of society, and I don’t
think lie very often.
Dan: OK, well remember the question was which profession admits to lying the
most. So we'll see if politicians are right at the end of the programme.
Kate: Now lying is a very common human activity. Some people say that it's an
unavoidable part of human nature. But how can you tell if someone isn't telling
the truth?
Dan: We're going to hear from psychologist Sharon Leal, who specialises in the
science of deception. How does she say we might identify if someone is lying?
Extract 1
They tend to be more general about the things they say. They pause more. And the
structure; in truthful statements, for example, we know that people don't tend to report
things in a structured（有结构的） way. A motivated liar will do this; they will plan their lies.
Dan: So she says that if someone is lying, their story might sound a bit more planned
or deliberate, more structured or controlled.
Kate: She also says that a motivated liar will plan their lies. If you're motivated it
means you have a reason for doing something. So a motivated liar has a
purpose for not telling the truth.
Dan: Well there are some verbal ways of telling whether if someone is lying. But
some people say you can also find out if someone is lying with a lie detector
or polygraph machine.
Kate: A lie detector is a machine to measure your body's reactions as you answer
certain questions, to see how your body changes as you respond, and to catch
you if you're lying.
So let's listen to lie detection specialist Jeremy Barrett explaining how lie
detectors work. Can you tell me what physical reactions the lie-detector
machines claim to detect?
Extract 2
The polygraph is, effectively, a medical instrument that measures things that happen in
your body, whether you like it or not. Your breathing, your pulse, your skin; your
galvanic skin response or the sweatiness（出汗） of your palm.
Kate: OK so the polygraph claims to identify physical changes in the body if you're
lying. These include a change in breathing patterns, your pulse or heartbeat, or
increased sweating.
Dan: But some people say these tests aren't scientific enough. What's more, they
claim it's possible to trick the machine. You can do this by changing your
physical reactions when answering the 'control questions'. Can you explain
what these are Kate?
Kate: Sure, well control questions in a lie-detector test are the questions where you
are expected to lie, but not about a specific event or occasion. They’re
questions such as 'have you ever lied to anyone in authority?' Questions that
everybody is supposed to have lied about sometime.
Dan: And if you increase your body's anxiety during the control questions – by
biting down on your tongue, for example – you can use these increased
reactions to fool the lie-detector machine.
Kate: George W. Maschke runs a website opposing（相反的） polygraph testing. Here he’s
talking about the dangers of using lie detector machines. How does he describe
polygraph testing?
Extract 3
This methodology for detecting lies has no grounding in the scientific method. It's
complete junk science.
6 Minute English © bbclearningenglish.com 2010
Page 4 of 5
Dan: So he says that lie detectors or polygraphs are junk science. Junk is an
American expression meaning rubbish or something that's been thrown away.
So junk science is a theory that it cannot be justified through scientific
experiments.
Kate: He also says it has no grounding in scientific method. This means that it has
no basis or foundation in science.
Dan: Of course not all lies have bad intentions. You could be telling a white lie, for
example. Could you tell me what that means Kate?
Kate: Sure, well a white lie is a lie you might tell to make someone feel good. If you
tell someone they've lost weight, for example, even when they haven't.
Dan: A lot of white lies are a form of flattery. That is a compliment or praise, which
in some cases may be excessive or insincere.
Kate: OK, well we’re nearly out of time, so let’s go over some of the vocabulary
we’ve come across today:
Dan: And let's go back to today's question. I asked you Kate which profession
admits to lying the most?
Kate: And straight away I went for c) politicians. But I feel I may be wrong.
Dan: Yeah you are wrong on this occasion. Actually it’s teachers are the ones who
admit to lying the most.
Kate: Teachers? Gosh that surprises me. I didn’t think teachers were the lying type.
Dan: You wouldn’t have thought so, but maybe if they have to manipulate someone,
if they want to get a certain response（响应，反应） out of a pupil, then they will change their
questions in a lying manner.
Kate: Well that’s very interesting; I’ll make sure I remember that next time I bump
into a teacher.
Dan: Well, that’s all we have time here at BBC Learning English, so thanks very
much for listening, and goodbye!
Kate: Goodbye!(本文由在线英语听力室整理编辑)
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