VOA慢速英语 2008 0506b

SCIENCE IN THE NEWS - Science Talent Searches: One Way to Earn Money to Go to College
A look at some of the major competitions for high school students from around the world. Transcript¹ of radio broadcast:
05 May 2008

VOICE ONE:

This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English. I'm Barbara Klein.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Steve Ember. Every year, American high school students have a chance to demonstrate their knowledge of science and receive money for college. Students can take part in science competitions, also called science talent searches or fairs. Today, we will tell about some of these possibilities for scientific recognition².

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

The Siemens Foundation holds a Mathematics, Science and Technology Competition for high school students every year. The Foundation created the competition to improve student performance in mathematics and science. The contest is open to any student who is an American citizen or permitted to live in the United States.

The Siemens Foundation joined with the College Board and six universities to create the competition. More than one thousand six hundred students took part in the contest last year.

Experts from the universities judge competitions in six parts of the country. Individual and team winners from those events then compete nationally. They demonstrate their projects to university professors and scientists. A winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Joseph Taylor, led the judging group for the latest contest.

VOICE TWO:

The results from that judging group produced a first in the history of the competition. It was the first time in which girls won both the individual and the team prizes.

The Siemens Foundation President said the number of girls entering the competition has increased every year. Forty-eight percent of those who entered the recent contest were young women.

The individual winner was Isha Jain of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. She received one hundred thousand dollars toward her college education for her studies of bone growth in zebra fish. The Siemens judges said she was the first to discover that bone grows in many short periods of time. They also said her work was equal to that of a student who had completed four years of college.

The top team winners were two seventeen year olds from Plainview, New York. Janelle Schlossberger and Amanda Harinoff shared a prize of one hundred thousand dollars for their college educations. The young women studied bacteria responsible for the disease tuberculosis³. They created substances to kill tuberculosis by attacking a protein. The Siemens Foundation says their discovery could lead to a new treatment for drug resistant⁴ TB.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:
　

Top ten winners of the 2008 Intel Science Talent Search

Another company, the Intel Corporation, supports a separate science competition. Intel has held its International Science and Engineering Fair since nineteen ninety-seven. A nonprofit group, the Society for Science and the Public, has supervised⁵ the event for the past fifty-nine years.

The Intel International Science and Engineering Fair is said to be the only international competition for people nineteen years old and younger. Intel officials say the event is the world's largest pre-college celebration of science. They say it brings together more than one thousand five hundred young scientists from more than fifty countries, areas and territories. These scientists compete for more than four million dollars in prizes.

VOICE TWO:

More than one thousand people working in scientific positions travel to the fair to judge the projects and select winners. Last year, contest finalists were chosen from more than sixty-five thousand students. They competed in more than five hundred area science fairs around the world.

Their investigations⁶ included projects concerning pure mathematics and a study that developed a natural poison for use on farmland. A student from China, for example, developed an effective anti-drowning system. And, a student from Malaysia designed and built a simple stove that is said to be safer than traditional cooking equipment.

Last year, the winner of the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair was Dayan Li from the American state of Maryland. He studied the growth of new blood vessels⁷ from existing passageways. Intel officials say his project may provide valuable information about drug targets and their chances of treating cancer.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

Benjamin Mueller is a seventeen-year old student from Great Neck, New York.

BENJAMIN MUELLER: "So we've all experienced punishment and reward at some point in our lives often at the hands of our parents but sometimes our teachers or bosses. But at this point we know absolutely nothing about how these parents or anybody makes the decision to punish or reward. So I used a brain imaging technique known as functional⁸ MRI to scan⁹ subjects brains as they actually made the decision to punish or reward their child."

VOICE ONE:

That was Benjamin Mueller describing his scientific project. He was a finalist in the Intel Science Talent Search. It is the oldest American science contest for students in their last year of high school.

The competition was created in nineteen forty-two as a way to interest high school students in science or engineering positions. The Westinghouse Company worked with the Society for Science and the Public to hold the first of these contests.

Since then, the Science Talent Search has provided four million dollars for college educations to almost three thousand young people. Some contestants¹⁰ later won more than one hundred of the world's top science honors, including the Nobel Prize and the National Medal of Science.

VOICE TWO:

Every year, more than one thousand five hundred American high school students enter the Intel Science Talent Search. Judges select three hundred semi-finalists, and then reduce that number to forty finalists. Each finalist receives five thousand dollars, a new laptop computer and a trip to Washington, D.C.

During the trip, finalists meet with government officials. The finalists meet separately with judges from the Science Talent Search. The judges question the young people about their projects and general scientific knowledge.

The students demonstrate their projects at the National Academy of Sciences building. Here, finalist Olivia Hu of New York City explains the findings of her project. It explores the parts of the brain that Chinese speakers use when learning English.

OLIVIA HU: "At first they were using their right hemispheres¹¹ -- the normal monolingual hemispheres. But as time progressed and as they became more proficient¹² in English they started using the opposite hemispheres for reading."

VOICE ONE:

Ten winners are chosen from the group of forty finalists. The latest group investigated scientific subjects such as colon¹³ cancer, geometry, antibiotic¹⁴ treatments, solar cells and astronomy¹⁵. They also studied insect environments, dark matter, agricultural poisons, and economic support for public libraries.

The ten winners receive money to pay for college educations. This year, the third place winner received fifty thousand dollars. The second place winner received seventy-five thousand dollars. The top prize was one hundred thousand dollars for college.
　

Shivani Sud is congratulated by Intel Chairman Craig Barrett

This year, the first place winner was Shivani Sud from Durham, North Carolina. She developed a method to improve the health of people with the beginnings of colon cancer. Her method can tell which of these patients have a higher than normal chance that the cancer will return. Shivani Sud also studied the best medicines to treat these cancers. She says she plans to become a medical doctor and continue to carry out medical research.

VOICE TWO:

The students were able to carry out their experiments because of help from adults, like their parents, teachers and scientists. Many of the winning students worked on their projects for years in their communities. Their high schools were able to provide the materials necessary to at least begin their research.

Recently, the Society for Science and the Public announced a plan to help schools improve their science programs. The plan will make it possible for more students to do the scientific work needed to enter these and other contests.

Elizabeth Marincola is the President of the Society for Science and the Public. She says the five-year program will identify science teachers whose schools are not able to provide the help needed for students to enter science competitions.

Miz Marincola says her group will spend more than three million dollars so that science teachers have time to help students work on their projects. She says the group wants to make it possible for more young people to receive recognition and money for college through scientific competitions.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS program was written by Nancy Steinbach. Our producer was Brianna Blake. I'm Barbara Klein.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.

1 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

2 recognition   

n.承认，认可，认出，认识

参考例句：

• The place has changed beyond recognition.这地方变得认不出来了。
• A sudden smile of recognition flashed across his face.他脸上掠过一丝笑意，表示认识对方。

3 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

4 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

5 supervised   

v.监督，管理( supervise的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The architect supervised the building of the house. 建筑工程师监督房子的施工。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He supervised and trained more than 400 volunteers. 他指导和培训了400多名志愿者。 来自辞典例句

6 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

7 vessels   

n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人

参考例句：

• The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8 functional   

adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的

参考例句：

• The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
• The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

9 scan   

n.审视，浏览，扫描，押韵，细查；vt.细看，浏览，扫描，详细调查，信件扫描（指BBS处理直递邮件或会议邮件时，对所有或特定信区做检查的动作）

参考例句：

• The first scan was bad, so I had to do it again.第一次扫描不好，所以我得重做。
• A scan determines the position of the baby in the womb.扫描可以确定胎儿在子宮中的位置。

10 contestants   

n.竞争者，参赛者( contestant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries. 这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency. 两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 hemispheres   

n.半球( hemisphere的名词复数 )；地球的半球

参考例句：

• The human brain is divided vertically down the middle into two hemispheres. 人脑从中央垂直地分为两半球。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The equator divides the earth into two hemispheres. 赤道把地球划分成为两个半球。 来自辞典例句

12 proficient   

adj.熟练的，精通的；n.能手，专家

参考例句：

• She is proficient at swimming.她精通游泳。
• I think I'm quite proficient in both written and spoken English.我认为我在英语读写方面相当熟练。

13 colon   

n.冒号，结肠，直肠

参考例句：

• Here,too,the colon must be followed by a dash.这里也是一样，应当在冒号后加破折号。
• The colon is the locus of a large concentration of bacteria.结肠是大浓度的细菌所在地。

14 antibiotic   

adj.抗菌的；n.抗生素

参考例句：

• The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
• Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。

15 astronomy   

n.天文学

参考例句：

• Mathematics is connected with astronomy.数学与天文学有联系。
• Astronomy is an abstract subject.天文学是一门深奥的学科。