VOA慢速英语2011--Spray Shows Promise in Malaria Study in Benin

Health Report - Spray Shows Promise in Malaria¹ Study in Benin

 

健康报道 - 室内喷洒杀虫剂可减少疟疾传播

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。

Malaria is caused by a parasite² spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The World Health Organization, in its latest estimate, says the disease caused seven hundred eighty-one thousand deaths in two thousand nine. Most of those deaths were in children in Africa. Worldwide there were two hundred twenty-five million cases of malaria.

疟疾由被感染蚊虫携带的寄生虫引起，通过蚊虫叮咬传播。世卫组织在其最新的估计中称，2009年疟疾导致78.1万人死亡，其中大部分是非洲儿童。当年全球范围内发生了2.25亿例疟疾病例。

Both of these numbers represent improvements. In two thousand there were an estimated two hundred thirty-three million cases of malaria and almost a million deaths.

所有这些数字都显示出情况有所改善。2000年预计有2.33亿例疟疾病例，近100万人死亡。

Malaria remains³ a major problem in Africa, but there have been some successes. Deaths in Rwanda, for example, have been reduced by sixty percent.

疟疾仍是非洲的一个主要问题，但已经有了一些进步。以卢旺达为例，死亡人数已经减少了60%。

There are still no vaccines⁵ to prevent malaria. The main way for communities to control the disease is by controlling mosquitoes.

世界上仍然没有疫苗可以预防疟疾。人们控制这一疾病的主要途径是灭蚊。

In a recent study, researchers in West Africa have shown that spraying insecticide indoors can greatly reduce malaria transmission.

西非研究人员在最近的一项研究中已经证实，在室内喷洒杀虫剂可以极大地减少疟疾的传播。

A baby receives an injection of an experimental malaria vaccine4 in the Kenya coastal6 town of Kilifi

The fight against malaria has two main targets: the parasite itself and the mosquito that carries the parasite. Insecticides target the mosquito. But over time the insects develop resistance to the chemicals. This has been happening with current mosquito killers⁷, including chemicals known as pyrethroids.

抗击疟疾有两个主要目标：寄生虫本身，以及携带疟原虫的蚊虫。杀虫剂的目标是蚊虫。但随着时间的推移，蚊虫会对化学品产生耐药性。这种情况已经发生在当前的杀虫剂上，其中包括被称为菊酯类杀虫剂的化学品。

Gil Germain Padonou and other researchers at the Center de Recherche⁸ Entomologique de Cotonou in Benin tested another insecticide. This one is called bendiocarb. They tested it with indoor spraying at sites throughout Benin.

贝宁（Benin，非洲国名）科托努昆虫学研究中心（the Center de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou，法语）的吉尔·杰曼·帕多努（Gil Germain Padonou）和其他研究人员对另一种杀虫剂进行了测试。这种杀虫剂被称为恶虫威（bendiocarb）。他们在贝宁全国范围内的测试点进行室内喷洒，对这种杀虫剂进行了测试。

There were fewer mosquito bites in homes sprayed with bendiocarb. More importantly, none of the three hundred fifty-thousand people who lived there got malaria-infected mosquito bites during the test.

喷洒了恶虫威的室内发生蚊虫叮咬的情况更少。更重要的是，35万居住在这些测试地点的人们无人因为蚊虫叮咬感染疟疾。

Peter Hotez heads the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene⁹, which published the research.

彼得·霍特兹是发表了这一报告的美国热带医学和卫生学会的负责人。

PETER HOTEZ: "And this is what this bendiocarb is all about, showing that it’s efficacious -- at least in this setting in Benin, in a real, live field setting. So it provides a potentially good alternative where there's been high development of resistance to pyrethroids."

霍特兹：“这就是恶虫威，它是有效的，至少在贝宁这个实际生活区域中是有效的。因此它给那些已经对菊酯类杀虫剂产生高抗药性的地区提供了一个可能的替代品。”

Dr. Hotez says the effectiveness in the test does not mean all malaria programs should use bendiocarb, or that indoor spraying should be the only method used.

霍特兹博士表示，测试的有效性并不意味着所有疟疾项目都应该使用恶虫威，也不意味着室内喷洒是唯一途径。

PETER HOTEZ: "When we think about a large-scale goal to take on malaria, it’s not an either/or situation. We’re going to have to throw multiple things out there in order to see what the optimal¹⁰ combination is to achieve control."

霍特兹：“当我们考虑到对抗疟疾的这一大规模目标时，并不是一种非此即彼的情况。我们将不得不剔除很多东西，才能看到成功控制疟疾的最佳优化组合。”

Bendiocarb is widely used against a number of different insects. The insecticide is considered relatively¹¹ safe when used as directed. It has not been shown to cause cancer, and it passes quickly out of the bodies of humans and other mammals.

恶虫威被广泛用于对付多种不同昆虫。这种杀虫剂在指导下使用被认为是相对安全的。它未显示出会致癌，而且能够从人类或其它哺乳动物体内迅速排出。

The study from Benin appears in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

这份来自贝宁的研究发表在《美国热带医学和卫生杂志》上。

And that's the VOA Special English Health Report, at voanews.cn. I'm Christopher Cruise.
___

Contributing: Art Chimes

1 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

2 parasite   

n.寄生虫；寄生菌；食客

参考例句：

• The lazy man was a parasite on his family.那懒汉是家里的寄生虫。
• I don't want to be a parasite.I must earn my own way in life.我不想做寄生虫，我要自己养活自己。

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

7 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。

8 recherche   

adj.精选的；罕有的

参考例句：

• Applicants should have good PC skills with common office software,email and internet recherche.在办公软件、电子邮件、网络检索等个人电脑应用方面，申请人应具备良好的操作技能。
• The restaurant prides itself on its recherche menu.饭店以其精美的菜单自豪。

9 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

10 optimal   

adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的

参考例句：

• What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
• Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。

11 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。