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AMERICAN MOSAIC1 - Community Gardens Grow Green Space in New York City
FAITH LAPIDUS: Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC in VOA Special English.
(MUSIC)
I'm Faith Lapidus. This week, on our program we play new music from Alison Krauss and Union Station…
answer a question about the Patowmack Canal near Washington…
but first we visit some New York City gardeners and their green spaces…
(MUSIC)
Community Gardens
FAITH LAPIDUS: You have probably heard the term “concrete jungle.” People use it to describe big cities that often have more hard surfaces than green space. Some people call New York City a concrete jungle. But, New York is also home to hundreds of community gardens filled with all kinds of crops. Bob Doughty2 has our story.
BOB DOUGHTY: It is almost nine in the morning on a workday. And Noah Kauffman is working hard, but not at his paying job. He is digging in the soil at the 113th Street Play Garden in Manhattan. He is the volunteer president of the community garden.
NOAH KAUFFMAN: “New York City is, if anything, the built environment. We have plenty of concrete. We have plenty of bricks3. We have plenty of steel. We have little, little places like this vest pocket park, which are a small oasis4, a piece of green. For our neighbors here on 113th Street, this is our front yard and we share it.”
For Alexandra Patz and her seven year old son, the garden has been a refuge5 since they moved to New York. They had come from a town where they had a home with a backyard.
ALEXANDRA PATZ: “When we moved to the city, I was glad to find on this block that there was a little garden where we could become involved, where my son could experience digging and growing things. He’s outside. We can hear the birds tweeting. You know, he’s sitting under a tree. There are no leaves yet, but you know, they’re coming. There are little birds digging and in the dirt there, you know…Life!” [LAUGHS]
New York City has more than five hundred community gardens. The movement to create them began in the nineteen seventies. It was a difficult time. The city’s population was falling and many empty outdoor areas were filled with waste and rats.
New York began its Operation Greenthumb program in nineteen seventy eight. The program offers free crop growing classes and some gardening equipment. Yet economics6 can sometimes get between the gardeners and their gardens. City officials have successfully fought to re-gain control of some areas so they could sell the land to property developers.
Catherine Wint is a community garden organizer with the New York Land Trust. She and other organizers collect money to buy green space in the city. Then they surrender7 ownership8 of the land to the people in the community.
Catherine Wint says volunteers supervise9 and care for the gardens. She says these individuals bring their own plans, values and leadership styles.
CATHERINE WINT: “It’s different than a park, in that sense, because individuals in a community garden have to have a relationship and they have to work democratically10 and they have to come up with procedures11 to enable12 them to share this very small space in a way that’s going to benefit everyone.”
However, these individuals also create gardens that are unusual because of their mix of plants. A Mexican immigrant13 family working in one garden plants a species14 of red pepper commonly used in Mexican food. Next to that crop are peony flowers planted by a Chinese immigrant who misses his homeland.
Community gardener Lori Harris looks at the green space that her now ninety-year-old father helped create in Harlem. It was a trash-filled lot when he started working on the project in nineteen seventy-one. Lori Harris is proud as she talks about the true success of the garden.
LORI HARRIS: “You have to give back to Earth. You can’t just take everything from it. You’ve got to learn how to recycle and clean up. You know, people think groceries come from the grocery store, but they come from a farm. They start somewhere. So you really have to treat Mother Earth right and she treats you just the same. [LAUGH]”
Patowmack Canal
FAITH LAPIDUS: Our question this week comes from the American island territory of Puerto Rico. Leidyonor Muniz Quinones wants to hear about George Washington’s Patowmack Canal.
The Patowmack Canal is part of Great Falls National Park in Virginia, about twenty-five kilometers from Washington. The Patowmack was one of the first canals built in the United States.
The idea for the canal came from George Washington, now known as the father of the country. He had explored the area around the Upper Potomac River. He believed that that the river had to be made passable by boats. He thought the waterway would be a great path of trade between the east coast and western territory.
However, the Potomac River is very wild. Its Great Falls area is famous for powerful currents that flow sharply15 downhill. The river falls almost twenty-five meters in less than one and a half kilometers. The water is filled with huge rocks above and below the surface.
Washington knew a canal would have to be built for boats to safely pass by Great Falls. He also knew the project would be a long and costly16 process.
George Washington was a very popular leader at this time. He had commanded the Continental17 Army in America’s successful fight for independence from Britain. He was known as a wealthy farmer and land expert. As a result, he easily won financial support for the canal. He set up the Patowmack Company and started building the canal in seventeen eighty-five.
George Washington led the project until he took the office of President in seventeen eighty-nine. But building continued.
It took seventeen years to complete the Patowmack Canal. It included a series of locks. The locks raised or lowered the water in the canal to permit the boats to pass by the dangerous falls.
Thousands of boats travelled the Patowmack Canal. They carried flour, alcohol18, cloth, weapons and other goods. However, the water levels in the river made the canal usable only about two months out of the year. And profits never covered the cost of the building project. In the end, the Potowmack Company failed. The canal operated for only about twenty-five years.
The Patowmack Canal is now dry. It is open to visitors every day from seven in the morning until dark. The canal’s lock structures are still observable. The powerful Great Falls that made the canal necessary are also an extraordinary sight.
(MUSIC)
“Paper Airplane”
FAITH LAPIDUS: Bluegrass singer Alison Krauss has been making records since she was fourteen years old. The thirty-nine year old performer has also won twenty-six Grammy awards for her music. Recently, she reunited with Union Station, the group with which she has made several recordings20 over the years. Katherine Cole has music from Alison Krauss and Union Station’s new album “Paper Airplane.”
(MUSIC)
KATHERINE COLE: That was Alison Krauss singing “Miles to Go.” Like most songs on the album “Paper Airplane,” this one is about the difficult emotions of failed love.
Krauss says “Paper Airplane” was one of the most difficult albums she has ever made. She suffered severe headaches that affected21 her ability to give her full attention to the music. She and Union Station decided22 to take a break from recording19 so that she could rest and recover.
Here is Union Station band member Dan Tyminski singing “Dust Bowl Children.” It is about living through hard times and poverty.
(MUSIC)
Alison Krauss says she and her band realized while recording this album that they could not depend on their past methods of making music. Instead, she said, they worked together to make music they found to be deeply truthful23 and moving. She says the songs on this album are sad, but they feel good because they are honest. We leave you with “Lie Awake.”
(MUSIC)
FAITH LAPIDUS: I’m Faith Lapidus. Our program was written by Dana Demange and Caty Weaver24, who was also our producer.
If you ever miss a program, or want to search for subjects that interest you, go to voaspecialenglish.com. You can download transcripts25 and MP3s of all of our shows.
You can also send us questions about American life. Go to the Contact Us link at the bottom of the page or write to [email protected]. And we're on Facebook and Twitter at VOA Learning26 English.
Join us again next week for music and more on AMERICAN MOSAIC in VOA Special English.
1 mosaic | |
n./adj.镶嵌细工的,镶嵌工艺品的,嵌花式的 | |
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2 doughty | |
adj.勇猛的,坚强的 | |
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3 bricks | |
n.砖( brick的名词复数 );砖块;积木;可靠的朋友 | |
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4 oasis | |
n.(沙漠中的)绿洲,宜人的地方 | |
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5 refuge | |
n.避难(处),庇护(所);v.庇护,避难(所) | |
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6 economics | |
n.经济学,经济情况 | |
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7 surrender | |
v.投降,自首;屈服;交出,放弃 | |
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8 ownership | |
n.所有(权),所有制 | |
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9 supervise | |
v.监督,管理,指导 | |
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10 democratically | |
民主地 | |
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11 procedures | |
程序; 手续; 步骤; 常规; 程序( procedure的名词复数 ); 手续; [计算机]过程; (为解决一个特殊问题而专门设计的)文字程序 | |
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12 enable | |
vt.使能够;使可以;使成为可能 | |
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13 immigrant | |
adj.(从国外)移来的,移民的;n.移民,侨民 | |
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14 species | |
n.物种,种群 | |
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15 sharply | |
adj.锐利地,急速;adv.严厉地,鲜明地 | |
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16 costly | |
adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的 | |
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17 continental | |
adj.大陆的,大陆性的,欧洲大陆的 | |
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18 alcohol | |
n.酒精,乙醇;含酒精的饮料 | |
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19 recording | |
n.录音,记录 | |
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20 recordings | |
n.记录( recording的名词复数 );录音;录像;唱片 | |
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21 affected | |
adj.不自然的,假装的 | |
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22 decided | |
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的 | |
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23 truthful | |
adj.真实的,说实话的,诚实的 | |
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24 weaver | |
n.织布工;编织者 | |
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25 transcripts | |
n.抄本( transcript的名词复数 );转写本;文字本;副本 | |
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26 learning | |
n.学问,学识,学习;动词learn的现在分词 | |
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