VOA慢速英语How Early Treatment Can Limit the Spread of HI

Health Report - How Early Treatment Can Limit the Spread of HIV

This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
For people infected with HIV, the earlier they start treatment, the better -- and better not just for them. A new study shows that early treatment greatly reduces the risk that the partner of an infected person will also get infected. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
对艾滋病毒感染者来说，越早治疗越好--而且不仅仅是对感染者有利。一项新的研究显示，早期治疗大大降低了艾滋病感染者的配偶受到感染的风险。艾滋病毒（HIV）是导致艾滋病（AIDS）的病毒。
Dr. Anthony Fauci is with the United States National Institutes of Health which paid for the study.
安东尼·福奇（Anthony Fauci）医生就职于赞助这项研究的美国国立卫生研究院。
ANTHONY FAUCI: "Many studies have been showing that the earlier you start, the better it is for the person who is infected. This study shows that not only is it better for the person who is infected, but it helps that person from transmitting¹ to the person that's their sexual² partner, heterosexual partner."
福奇：“许多研究已经证实越早治疗对艾滋病毒感染者越有利。这项研究不仅证实越早治疗对感染者有利，还有助于降低感染者向其异性性伴侣传播艾滋病毒的风险。”
Researchers cannot say if the results would be the same in men who have sex with men. Most of the couples in the study were heterosexual.
研究人员还不能肯定在同性恋中的研究结果是否会相同。这项研究所涉及的大部分配偶都是异性恋。
The study took place in Botswana, Brazil, India, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Thailand, the United States and Zimbabwe. It involved almost two thousand couples divided into two groups.
这项研究在博茨瓦纳、巴西、印度、肯尼亚、马拉维、南非、泰国、美国和津巴布韦进行，涉及了被分成两组的近两千对配偶。
In one group, the infected man or woman began to take a combination³ of three antiretroviral drugs immediately after being found to have HIV. In the other group, the infected partners began drug treatment only when they started to show signs of getting AIDS.
在其中一组，感染者一被发现感染艾滋病毒，立即采取三种抗逆转录病毒药品的联合治疗。而另外一组的感染者直到出现艾滋病患病迹象时才开始药物治疗。
The researchers say both groups received equal amounts of HIV-related care and counseling⁵. That included information about safe sex practices, free condoms and regular HIV testing.
研究人员说，这两组研究对象得到了同等水平的艾滋病毒相关治疗和辅导。包括安全性行为知识，免费避孕套和艾滋病毒定期检测。
The study began in two thousand five. It was supposed to last until twenty-fifteen. But researchers stopped it early because the results were so clear. Only one case of infection was reported in couples where the infected partner began immediate⁴ treatment.
这项研究始于2005年，原计划持续到2015年。但研究人员提前终止了这项研究，因为研究结果已经非常明确。在感染者立即得到治疗的配偶中，只有一位感染者的配偶受到了感染。
Dr. Fauci says earlier treatment led to a ninety-six percent reduction⁶ in the spread of HIV to uninfected partners.
福奇医生表示，早期治疗可以使艾滋病毒感染者配偶的感染几率降低96%。
ANTHONY FAUCI: "This is a powerful bit of evidence that will go into the thinking and formulation of guidelines⁷ and of global policy, policy by WHO, by UNAIDS, by the international organizations that help to provide drugs in the developing world."
福奇：“这是一个有力证据，它将进入艾滋病指导方针和全球政策的考量和制定，这些全球政策包括世卫组织，联合国艾滋病规划署以及向发展中国家提供药品的国际性组织的政策。”
The study shows the value in testing and treating HIV before a person even feels sick enough to see a doctor. But in many countries, public health budgets are already stretched thin. In sub-Saharan Africa, the area hardest hit by AIDS, for every person who gets treated, two others go untreated.
这项研究证实了在感染者虚弱到需要就医前就进行检测和治疗的价值。但在许多国家，公共卫生预算已经捉襟见肘。在撒哈拉以南非洲这个受艾滋病打击最为严重的地区，只有三分之一的感染者能够得到治疗。
Antiretroviral drugs suppress⁸ the virus. Once people start treatment, they have to continue it daily for the rest of their life.
抗逆转录病毒药物可以抑制艾滋病毒。一旦感染者开始治疗，他们余生的每天都要进行这项治疗。

1 transmitting   

v.发射，播送，广播( transmit的现在分词 )；传播；传导；传（热、声等）

参考例句：

• They are trying to find a better way of transmitting energy. 他们正试图寻找一种更好的输能方法。 来自辞典例句
• A current of high potential is used in transmitting electric power over long distances. 高压电流被用来远距离输送电力。 来自辞典例句

2 sexual   

adj.性的，两性的，性别的

参考例句：

• He was a person of gross sexual appetites.他是个性欲旺盛的人。
• It is socially irresponsible to refuse young people advice on sexual matters.拒绝向年轻人提供性方面的建议是对社会不负责任。

3 combination   

n.组合，合并，联合；

参考例句：

• He carried on the business in combination with his friends.他与朋友们合伙做生意。
• The materials can be used singly or in combination.这些材料可以单独使用也可以混合用。

4 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

5 counseling   

n.咨询服务

参考例句：

• A multimillionaire media magnate has shocked his employees with his candor by telling them all that he's putting his business affairs on hold to enter an alcoholism-counseling program. 一位身份数百万的媒体大亨，坦诚地告诉他全体员工他将暂时搁置他的事业以便参加戒酒班，令员工大为惊愕。
• She will need medical help and counseling to overcome the tragedy. 她将需要医疗帮助和心理咨询来平复这场悲剧。

6 reduction   

n.减少，减低，减缩；减少，减低

参考例句：

• Reduction in income tax will be welcomed with open arms.减少所得税将受到热烈欢迎。
• You will have a reduction for cash.付现金可以打折扣。

7 guidelines   

n.指导方针，准则

参考例句：

• The government has drawn up guidelines on the treatment of the mentally ill. 政府制订了对待精神病人的指导方针。
• Planners seem a little uncomfortable with the current government guidelines. 规划师似乎不太接受现行的政府指道方针。

8 suppress   

vt.压制，镇压，查禁，抑制，阻止

参考例句：

• He continued to suppress the people and serve the imperialists.他继续镇压人民，为帝国主义效劳。
• She was struggling to suppress her sobs.她拼命不让自己哭出来。