VOA慢速英语2011--Nicknames for New York City

Words and Their Stories: Nicknames for New York City

词汇典故：纽约别名
Now the VOA Special English program WORDS AND THEIR STORIES.
现在是美国之音慢速英语词汇典故节目。
A nickname is a shortened form of a person's name. A nickname also can be a descriptive name for a person, place or thing. Many American cities have nicknames. These can help establish an identity, spread pride among citizens and build unity¹.
别名是一个人名字的缩写形式。也可以是一个人、地方或物品的描述性名称。许多美国城市都有别名，这样可以帮助创建一个城市的风格，在市民间传播自豪感，建立团结。
A few years ago, some marketing² and advertising³ experts were asked to name the best nickname for an American city. The winner was the nation’s largest city, New York. The top nickname was The Big Apple.
几年前，一些市场和广告专家受命于提名美国城市最佳别名。获胜者是美国最大的城市纽约。最佳别名是The Big Apple（大苹果）。
You might wonder how New York got this nickname. In the early nineteen seventies, the city had many problems. The number of visitors was falling. So a campaign was launched to give the city a new image. The head of the New York Conventions and Visitors Bureau decided⁴ to call the city, The Big Apple.
你可能会想纽约为何得到这么别名。在20世纪70年代早期纽约存在诸多问题，游客人数持续下降。所以纽约发起了一场展现城市新形象的运动。纽约会议与游客管理局负责人决定把纽约称之为大苹果。
There are several explanations for where this name came from. Language expert Barry Popik studied the question and wrote about it on his website. He says John Fitz Gerald, a writer for a New York newspaper, used the name the Big Apple to mean New York in the nineteen twenties. Mister Fitz Gerald wrote about horse races. He heard the name used by men who worked at a racetrack in New Orleans, Louisiana.
关于这个名字的来历有几种不同的解释。语言专家Barry Popik对这个问题进行了研究，并在其网站上撰文谈及这个名字的来历。他表示，20世纪20年代，纽约一家报纸的记者约翰·菲茨·杰拉德（John Fitz Gerald）使用The Big Apple来指代纽约。杰拉德先生是赛马专栏记者，他从路易斯安新奥尔良赛马场工作人员那得知了这个名字。
Mister Fitz Gerald wrote: “The Big Apple. The dream of every lad that ever threw a leg over a thoroughbred and the goal of all horsemen. There’s only one Big Apple. That’s New York.”
杰拉德写道：“The Big Apple是每个骑过纯种赛马的小伙的梦想，也是所有骑手的目标。这世上只有一个The Big Apple，那就是纽约。”
In horse racing⁵, the expression meant “the big time,” the place where large amounts of money could be won. The Big Apple became the name of a night club in the Harlem area of New York City in nineteen thirty-four. It also was the name of a popular dance and a hit song in the nineteen thirties.
在赛马中，The Big Apple的意思是"the big time"，可以赢很多钱的地方。1934年，The Big Apple成为纽约哈莱姆区一家夜总会的名字，它还是30年代一个著名舞蹈和一首热门歌曲的名字。
But it is not the only nickname for America’s largest city. Barry Popik’s website lists almost one hundred nicknames that describe New York. The best known are the Capital of the World. Empire City. Gotham. The City So Nice They Named it Twice. And the City That Never Sleeps. You can hear about the city in the song, “New York, New York” by Frank Sinatra.
但是，这并不是美国最大的城市纽约唯一的别名。Barry Popik的网站列举了近100个指代纽约的别名。其中最著名的是The Capital of the World(世界之都)，Empire City（帝国城），Gotham（哥谭镇），The City So Nice They Named it Twice.还有The City That Never Sleeps(不夜城)。你可以在这首歌中了解纽约，由Frank Sinatra演唱的"New York, New York"。
(MUSIC)
This program was written by Shelley Gollust. I'm Barbara Klein. You can find more WORDS AND THEIR STORIES at voaspecialenglish.com.

1 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

2 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

3 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。

4 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

5 racing   

n.竞赛，赛马；adj.竞赛用的，赛马用的

参考例句：

• I was watching the racing on television last night.昨晚我在电视上看赛马。
• The two racing drivers fenced for a chance to gain the lead.两个赛车手伺机竞相领先。