VOA慢速英语2011--Medical Spies Keep Watch on Leaders

Health Report - Medical Spies Keep Watch on Leaders

健康报道 - 关注领导人健康状况的间谍
This is the VOA Special English Health Report.
这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。
Not all spies target military, political or economic intelligence. Some gather medical intelligence.
并非所有间谍都以军事、政治或经济情报为目标。有些间谍专门搜集医疗情报。
Presidents, prime ministers and other leaders do not always like to talk about their health. Some disappear from public life for a while and then reappear, with or without an explanation.
总统、总理和其他领导人并不总是喜欢谈论他们的健康状况。有些领导人会淡出公众视野一段时间，随后重新出现，而不一定会有解释。
Spy agencies search for information about physical and mental health. The idea that a leader might even lose his mind and launch a war or a nuclear attack is not an imaginary threat.
间谍机构搜集有关身体和精神健康的情报。某位领导人可能失去理智发动一场普通战争或核战争的观点并非一种假想威胁。
The Central Intelligence Agency has a Medical and Psychological Assessment¹ Cell. It employs or consults with doctors, sociologists, political scientists and cultural anthropologists to examine the conditions of top officials.
中央情报局（简称CIA，中情局）拥有一个健康和心理评估小组。他们雇佣或咨询医生、社会学家、政治学家和文化人类学家来评估高层官员的状况。
Jonathan Clemente is a doctor doing research for a book on medical intelligence. He says the CIA team tries to predict how a leader will act.
乔纳森·克莱门特（Jonathan Clemente）是一位医生，他为一本关于医疗情报的书籍做研究。他表示，中情局试图预测领导人的行事方式。
JONATHAN CLEMENTE: “What they try and do on the psychological side of things in describe a constellation² of psychiatric signs and symptoms, and then to describe for the policy makers³ how someone with that particular set of findings may react to certain situations.”
克莱门特：“他们在心理学方面试图描述一种精神迹象和征兆的“情意丛（constellation）”，然后向政策制定者报告这类人在特定情况下会如何反应。”
Such efforts go back to the Office of Strategic Services, which came before the CIA. The OSS did a psychological profile of Nazi⁴ leader Adolf Hitler in Germany.
类似努力可以追溯到中情局前身战略情报局。战略情报局制作了一份德国纳粹领导人希特勒的心理档案。
The CIA was established in nineteen forty-seven. Dr. Clemente says the agency formed a small office called "Leadership at a Distance."
中情局成立于1947年。克莱门特博士表示，该机构成立了一个名为“运筹帷幄（Leadership at a Distance）”的小办公室。
JONATHAN CLEMENTE: "In the late fifties and early nineteen sixties, the CIA decided⁵ that they had expertise⁶ to look more carefully and in a more rigorous, analytical⁷ way at the health of foreign leaders in order to help give policy makers some forewarning of a transition in a government, stability of foreign governments, and also looking for potential points of diplomatic leverage⁸.”
克莱门特：“五十年代末六十年代初，中情局认为有能力以更加严密的分析方式来更加周密地调查外国领导人的健康状况，从而给政治制定者在外国政权过渡和和外国政府的稳定性上提供预警，同时寻找潜在的外交杠杆要点。”
Experts say dying leaders can feel they have to act quickly to make sure their decisions live longer than they do.
专家表示，不久于人世的领导人会觉得他们必须迅速采取行动，以确保其政策的持续性。
Physical and mental health are closely linked, experts say. But identifying a mental condition without direct examination of a person can be much more difficult than a physical disorder⁹.
专家称，身体和精神健康紧密相联。但间接判断一个人的精神状况比判断身体疾病难得多。
Rose McDermott is a political psychologist at Brown University in Providence¹⁰, Rhode Island. She points out that an illness like bipolar disorder can be well-controlled on medication. But a leader’s behavior can also be affected¹¹ by medication taken for a physical condition.
罗丝·麦克德莫特（Rose McDermott）是布朗大学的政治心理学家，这所大学位于罗德岛的普罗维登斯。她指出，躁郁症等疾病可以通过药物有效控制。但领导人的行为也会受到因身体状况而服用的药物的影响。
Rose McDermott: "The concern is not just the illness, it's also the medication that people take while they are ill and how that can compromise their decision-making ability, cognitively¹² and intellectually. So they don’t make the same kind of decisions, their decisions may not be as predictable. They certainly may not be as, quote unquote, rational.
麦克德莫特：“令人担忧的不仅仅是疾病，还包括患者患病时服用的药物，以及该药物对他们决策能力、认知和智力的影响。因此他们做出的决定可能不同，他们的决定可能不可预测。当然还可能不太么理性。”
Professor McDermott has written extensively on medical intelligence.
麦克德莫特教授撰写了大量医学情报方面的作品。
ROSE McDERMOTT: “It can be decisively important because it can really change the stability of governments, particularly in authoritarian¹³ or totalitarian regimes, where there’s really a limited number of people who have powerful decision-making authority."
麦克德莫特：“医疗情报显然及其重要。因为它可以改变政权的稳定性，尤其是专制或极权主义的政权。这种政权中具有强大决策权力的人极其稀少。”
And that’s the VOA Special English Health Report. I’m Jim Tedder¹⁴.
___
Contributing: Gary Thomas

1 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

2 constellation   

n.星座n.灿烂的一群

参考例句：

• A constellation is a pattern of stars as seen from the earth. 一个星座只是从地球上看到的某些恒星的一种样子。
• The Big Dipper is not by itself a constellation. 北斗七星本身不是一个星座。

3 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 Nazi   

n.纳粹分子，adj.纳粹党的，纳粹的

参考例句：

• They declare the Nazi regime overthrown and sue for peace.他们宣布纳粹政权已被推翻，并出面求和。
• Nazi closes those war criminals inside their concentration camp.纳粹把那些战犯关在他们的集中营里。

5 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

6 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

7 analytical   

adj.分析的；用分析法的

参考例句：

• I have an analytical approach to every survey.对每项调查我都采用分析方法。
• As a result,analytical data obtained by analysts were often in disagreement.结果各个分析家所得的分析数据常常不一致。

8 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

9 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

10 providence   

n.深谋远虑，天道，天意；远见；节约；上帝

参考例句：

• It is tempting Providence to go in that old boat.乘那艘旧船前往是冒大险。
• To act as you have done is to fly in the face of Providence.照你的所作所为那样去行事，是违背上帝的意志的。

11 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

12 cognitively   

参考例句：

• Cognitively,man,the subject of cognition,must classify and categorize the objects. 从认知学角度来看 ，作为认知主体的人对于认知对象必须进行分类和范畴化。 来自互联网
• Cognitively, reference can be studied along with information processing of human mind. 从认知的角度看，要研究人类思维的信息处理过程。 来自互联网

13 authoritarian   

n./adj.专制(的)，专制主义者，独裁主义者

参考例句：

• Foreign diplomats suspect him of authoritarian tendencies.各国外交官怀疑他有着独裁主义倾向。
• The authoritarian policy wasn't proved to be a success.独裁主义的政策证明并不成功。

14 tedder   

n.（干草）翻晒者，翻晒机

参考例句：

• Jim Tedder has more. 吉姆？特德将给我们做更多的介绍。 来自互联网
• Jim Tedder tells us more. 吉姆？泰德给我们带来更详细的报道。 来自互联网