VOA慢速英语2012 Health Report - The Ups and Downs of Living Longer

 

Health Report - The Ups and Downs of Living Longer

健康报道 - 寿命延长方面的此长彼消

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health Report in Special English.

这里是美国之音慢速英语健康报道。

A new study says people are living longer, but many are living longer in poor health. Researchers found that life expectancy¹ has increased by about five years since 1990. On average, men worldwide can expect to live 67 and a half years. Women can expect to live to age 73.

一项新研究称人类寿命更长，但其中许多人身体状况不佳。研究人员发现，自1990年以来，人类预期寿命增加了5年左右。平均而言，全球男性预期寿命为67.5岁，女性预期寿命为73岁。

Almost 500 researchers in 50 countries took part in the study of global disease and disability. The findings appear in a series of articles in the Lancet. Richard Horton is the medical journal's editor-in-chief.

来自50个国家的近500名研究人员参与了这项全球性疾病与无能力的研究。研究结果发表在《柳叶刀》系列文章中。理查德·霍顿（Richard Horton）是该医学杂志的首席主编。

"All of us in the world of health focus on diseases and often bad news. Actually, the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study broadly presents very good news."

“世界上所有人的健康都聚焦在疾病上，并且通常都是坏消息。其实，2010年全球疾病负担研究大体上带来的都是好消息。”

The research found that far fewer people died of measles², tetanus, respiratory problems and diarrheal diseases in 2010 than in 1990. Deaths from infections, childbirth-related problems and malnutrition³ fell about 17 percent to 13.2 million.

研究发现，2010年死于麻疹、破伤风、呼吸道疾病和腹泻的人比1990年要少得多。感染、分娩相关问题以及营养不良的死亡人数下降17%到1320万人。

Global efforts have focused on reducing HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis⁴ and malaria⁵. HIV/AIDS deaths have dropped since 2006, and TB deaths fell almost 20 percent since 1990. But each of these diseases still kills more than a million people every year. The number of malaria deaths increased by an estimated 20 percent, to almost 1.2 million in 2010.

全球努力的重点放在减少艾滋病毒/艾滋病、结核病和疟疾上。自2006年以来艾滋病毒/艾滋病死亡人数一路下降，而结核病死亡人数也自1990年以来下降了近20%。但是，这些疾病中仍然分别导致每年超百万人死亡。2010年，疟疾死亡人数预计上升了20%到120万人。

"Those three big, big diseases are not just going to go away."

“这三种重大疾病不会就这样消失。”

Mike Cohen is the head of global health research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel⁶ Hill. He was not involved in the research, but says it shows a change taking place worldwide.

迈克·科恩（Mike Cohen）是北卡罗莱纳大学教堂山分校全球健康研究中心的负责人。他并未参与这项研究，但他表示，这项研究显示了世界各地正在发生的变化。

"As infectious diseases have been better controlled and people live longer, and as their diets change and lifestyles change, the inevitable⁷ consequence in health is, you have to deal much more broadly with hypertension, heart disease, diabetes⁸."

“随着传染病得到了更好控制，人类寿命延长，以及饮食和生活方式的改变，在健康方面的必然结果就是，必须更广泛地应对高血压、心脏疾病和糖尿病。”

The study found that these kinds of non-communicable diseases caused more than half of the global burden of disease in 2010.

该研究发现，2010年这类非传染性的疾病占到了全球疾病负担的一半以上。

The two biggest killers⁹ -- heart disease and stroke -- caused one-fourth of all deaths in 2010. That was up from one-fifth in 1990.

心脏病和中风这两大杀手在死亡总人数中占据的比例从1990年的1/5上升到了2010年的1/4。

There was a 48 percent increase in the number of deaths from lung cancer, which is commonly caused by smoking tobacco.

肺癌的死亡人数上升了48%，这种疾病通常由吸烟引起。

The top causes of disability in 2010 were physical conditions like arthritis¹⁰ and back problems, and mental and behavioral problems like depression, anxiety and substance abuse. Harvard University professor Joshua Salomon was a co-author of the disability research.

2010年无能力最主要的原因是关节炎和背部问题这类身体状况，以及抑郁，焦虑和管制品滥用等心理和行为问题。哈佛大学教授约书亚·所罗门（Joshua Salomon）是无能力研究的合著者。

"I think in general we've been more successful at reducing mortality and less successful at actually addressing chronic¹¹ disability."

“我认为一般情况下，我们在降低死亡率上更加成功，而在实际解决长期的无能力上就没那么成功了。

1 expectancy   

n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额

参考例句：

• Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.日本人的平均寿命非常长。
• The atomosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone.这种期望的紧张气氛使每个人变得严肃起来。

2 measles   

n.麻疹，风疹，包虫病，痧子

参考例句：

• The doctor is quite definite about Tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
• The doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。

3 malnutrition   

n.营养不良

参考例句：

• In Africa, there are a lot of children suffering from severe malnutrition.在非洲有大批严重营养不良的孩子。
• It is a classic case of malnutrition. 这是营养不良的典型病例。

4 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

5 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

6 chapel   

n.小教堂，殡仪馆

参考例句：

• The nimble hero,skipped into a chapel that stood near.敏捷的英雄跳进近旁的一座小教堂里。
• She was on the peak that Sunday afternoon when she played in chapel.那个星期天的下午，她在小教堂的演出，可以说是登峰造极。

7 inevitable   

adj.不可避免的，必然发生的

参考例句：

• Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
• The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

8 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

9 killers   

凶手( killer的名词复数 )； 消灭…者； 致命物； 极难的事

参考例句：

• He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice. 他要将杀人凶手绳之以法的决心一直没有动摇。
• They were professional killers who did in John. 杀死约翰的这些人是职业杀手。

10 arthritis   

n.关节炎

参考例句：

• Rheumatoid arthritis has also been linked with the virus.风湿性关节炎也与这种病毒有关。
• He spent three months in the hospital with acute rheumatic arthritis.他患急性风湿性关节炎，在医院住了三个月。

11 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。