VOA慢速英语2013 木薯疾病在非洲肆虐

 

Diseases of Cassava Wreak¹ Havoc² in Africa 木薯疾病在非洲肆虐

From VOA Learning English, this is the Agriculture Report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。

Cassava is an important crop in some countries. More than 160 million people across Africa depend on the plant for food or to earn money. The continent produces 60 percent of the world's cassava crop. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization reported last May that cassava production has increased by 60 percent worldwide since 2000.

木薯在一些国家是一种重要的农作物。非洲各地有超过1600万人以此为食或谋生。非洲大陆出产了全球60%的木薯。联合国粮食和农业组织去年5月报告称，自2000年以来木薯产量增长了60%。

Agricultural experts had been expecting it to grow even more during the next ten years as policy makers³ begin to understand the crop better, but those expectations have benn crashed. The amount of cassava being grown in east and central Africa is falling because of diseases that reduce production. 

农业专家一直期待随着决策者更了解木薯，从而在未来十年种植更多。但这些期望都破灭了。因为一些会降低产量的疾病，非洲东部和中部的木薯种植面积锐减。

Two such diseases of the cassava brown streak⁴ virus and cassava mosaic⁵ virus, they are wrecking⁶ Africa's agricultural lands. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization says, brown streak disease does more damage since it affects the root of the crop. 

木薯褐色条纹病毒和木薯花叶病毒的两种疾病正在破坏非洲的农业用地。联合国粮食和农业组织表示，褐色条斑病造成的损害更大，因为它会影响作物的根系。

Luca Alinovi is the acting⁷ director of the FAO in eastern and central Africa. He says the agency has taken steps to improve the situation, but it is not getting better.

卢卡（Luca Alinovi）是粮农组织驻非洲中东部地区的代主任。他说，该机构已经采取了改善措施，但情况并未好转。

"Doing right or wrong on cassava has a huge impact on the food security of the people in this region, has such a relevance⁸ in our daily lives that we tend to forget it because it appeared in a kind of technical discussion. And I want to bring to your attention that, although it is a technical issue it requires knowledge and requires research."

他说，“木薯问题对该地区人民的粮食安全有着巨大影响，和我们的日常生活息息相关。我们往往忽视这点，因为它都出现在一些技术讨论中。我想提请大家注意的是，虽然这是一个技术问题，它也需要知识和研究。”

Dominique Davoux heads the European Union Rural Development and Agricultural program in Kenya. He says the cassava diseases have changed over the years, he says there is need to invest in research to fight the diseases.

多米尼克（Dominique Davoux）负责欧盟驻肯尼亚农村发展和农业项目。他表示，木薯疾病多年来已经有所改变，有必要在抗病研究上投资。

"We supported the cassava initially⁹, there has been [a] stop in the support, the research slugged [lagged] behind, and the disease reinvented itself [and] propagated again. We have to re-address the issue."

他说，“我们一开始支持过木薯，中间一度暂停支持，在木薯上研究有点滞后，而且木薯疾病已经自我进化并再次传播。我们不得不重新解决这一问题。”

The FAO says at least $100 million is needed. Some of the money would go to support clean farm production, collect information and study the diseases. The rest will go to market and micro-finance development across the cassava production chain.

粮农组织表示，至少需要1亿美元。其中一些资金将用于支持农业清洁生产，收集信息和研究疾病。剩余资金将用于木薯生产链上的市场和微金融发展。

Experts say failure to do so means the cassava disease will likely invade Nigeria, the biggest producer of cassava in Africa.

专家表示，如果未能做到这些，就意味着木薯疾病可能会入侵尼日利亚这个非洲最大的木薯出产国。

1 wreak   

v.发泄；报复

参考例句：

• She had a burning desire to wreak revenge.她复仇心切。
• Timid people always wreak their peevishness on the gentle.怯懦的人总是把满腹牢骚向温和的人发泄。

2 havoc   

n.大破坏，浩劫，大混乱，大杂乱

参考例句：

• The earthquake wreaked havoc on the city.地震对这个城市造成了大破坏。
• This concentration of airborne firepower wrought havoc with the enemy forces.这次机载火力的集中攻击给敌军造成很大破坏。

3 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 streak   

n.条理，斑纹，倾向，少许，痕迹；v.加条纹，变成条纹，奔驰，快速移动

参考例句：

• The Indians used to streak their faces with paint.印第安人过去常用颜料在脸上涂条纹。
• Why did you streak the tree?你为什么在树上刻条纹？

5 mosaic   

n./adj.镶嵌细工的，镶嵌工艺品的，嵌花式的

参考例句：

• The sky this morning is a mosaic of blue and white.今天早上的天空是幅蓝白相间的画面。
• The image mosaic is a troublesome work.图象镶嵌是个麻烦的工作。

6 wrecking   

破坏

参考例句：

• He teed off on his son for wrecking the car. 他严厉训斥他儿子毁坏了汽车。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Instead of wrecking the valley, the waters are put to use making electricity. 现在河水不但不在流域内肆疟，反而被人们用来生产电力。 来自辞典例句

7 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

8 relevance   

n.中肯，适当，关联，相关性

参考例句：

• Politicians' private lives have no relevance to their public roles.政治家的私生活与他们的公众角色不相关。
• Her ideas have lost all relevance to the modern world.她的想法与现代社会完全脱节。

9 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。