VOA慢速英语2013 三位生物技术科学家荣获2013年世界粮食奖

 

Three Biotechnology Scientists Win 2013 World Food Prize 三位生物技术科学家荣获2013年世界粮食奖

From VOA Learning English, this is the Agriculture Report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。

The World Food Prize has been awarded to three developers of genetically² modified crops, or GMOs. Mary-Dell Chilton, Marc van Montagu and Rob Fraley received the award on October 17th. 

世界粮食奖被授予给转基因作物的三位开发者。玛丽 - 戴尔·齐尔顿（Mary-Dell Chilton）、马克 - 范·蒙塔古（Marc Van Montagu）以及罗伯特·福瑞里（Robert Fraley）于10月17日荣获该奖项。

The award praises the technology they created for being able to increase the quantity and availability of food, it also says GMOs help deal with a growing world population and changes in weather patterns. But the selection of the three scientists has been criticized by people who question the safety and value of GMOs.

该奖项表彰了他们创造的能够提高粮食数量和可用性的技术，并表示转基因作物有助于应对全球日益增长的人口和气候变化。但这三位科学家的选择一直被质疑转基因作物安全性和价值的人们所批评。

In the 1970s, Marc van Montagu, a Belgian scientist discovered bacteria in soil performing a kind of natural genetic¹ engineering. He found that the bacteria placed a piece of their genetic material, or DNA³ inside the plant cells, the cells then produce chemicals that work good for the bacteria.

上世纪70年代，比利时科学家蒙塔古发现土壤中的细菌在进行一种自然基因工程。他发现这种细菌将其遗传物质的一部分注入植物细胞内，然后这种细胞会产生有益于这种细菌的化学物质。

"Once we [saw] bacteria can insert DNA to give a new property to a plant, we were able to replace that part of the DNA [with] DNA that we want that gives new, useful properties to the plant," van Montagu said.

蒙塔古表示，“我们看到了细菌可以通过注入DNA赋予植物新特性，我们就能将那部分DNA用我们想要的DNA代替，赋予植物新的有帮助的特性。”

His work was the beginning of plant biotechnology. Mary-Dell Chilton and Rob Fraley both Americans, produced the first genetically modified plants using that technology.

他的成果是植物生物技术的开端。齐尔顿和福瑞里都是美国人，他们使用该技术生产了首批转基因作物。

Ms Chilton was studying a common plant infection called crown gall⁴ when she witnessed the same thing as Mr van Montagu. She discovered that it forms when a germ called Agrobacterium puts a piece of its own DNA into the plant cell's genes⁵, the plant then makes food for the bacteria.

齐尔顿女士当时在研究一种被称为细菌性根癌病的常见植物感染，这时她亲眼目睹了和蒙塔古先生同样的事情。她发现当一种被称为根癌农杆菌的细菌将其自身DNA注入植物细胞基因后，这种植物就会为该细菌提供养分，细菌性根癌病就形成了。

Ms Chilton, Mr van Montagu and Mr Fraley along with the Monsanto company created the technology to reproduce plants while changing their DNA. 

齐尔顿女士、蒙塔古先生、福瑞里先生携手孟山都公司创造了通过改变DNA重新繁殖植物的技术。

Genetic engineering can add information to plants to produce different kinds of things, such as a protein that kills insects. Farmers quickly accepted and supported the new technology first used in 1996. Nearly all the corn and cotton grown in the United States is made with GMOs.

基因工程能够向植物增加信息来生产不同的东西，像一种杀虫的蛋白质。农民们迅速接受并支持这种于1996年首次得到应用的新技术。几乎所有美国种植的玉米和棉花都是转基因作物。

The World Food Prize organization in the American state of IOWA says 17 million farmers worldwide grew GMO crops in 2012. It says the technology increased production and reduced the usage of harmful chemical on crops.

美国爱荷华州的世界粮食奖组织表示，2012年全球有1700万农民种植转基因作物。它说，这种技术提高了产量并减少了有害农药的使用。

Doug Gurian-Sherman is a scientist with the Union of Concerned Scientists. He says the technology could be useful, but as there is no proof it is necessary to feed the world.

道格·格里安 - 谢尔曼（Doug Gurian-Sherman）是忧思科学家联盟的一位科学家。他表示，这种技术可能有用，但尚未有证据表明它对养活世界人口有必要。

"My understanding of the prize is you should be giving it to people that have shown major positive, unequivocally positive accomplishments⁶ in world agriculture. And I don't see, so far, this technology being anywhere near that yet," Gurian-Sherman said.

格里安 - 谢尔曼表示，“我认为该奖项应该授予在世界农业上已经体现出重大利好和明确积极成就的人。到目前为止，我并未发现转基因技术接近这一要求。”

Opposition⁷ to GMOs is also spreading. In the Philippines, protesters destroyed test fields of rice that had been genetically engineered to produce vitamin A.

反转基因也正在蔓延。在菲律宾，示威者损毁了经过基因工程改造能产生维生素A的水稻的试验田。

1 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

2 genetically   

adv.遗传上

参考例句：

• All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
• Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物

3 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

4 gall   

v.使烦恼，使焦躁，难堪；n.磨难

参考例句：

• It galled him to have to ask for a loan.必须向人借钱使他感到难堪。
• No gall,no glory.没有磨难，何来荣耀。

5 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

6 accomplishments   

n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就

参考例句：

• It was one of the President's greatest accomplishments. 那是总统最伟大的成就之一。
• Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing. 她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

7 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。