VOA慢速英语2015 我们可以将艾滋病感染率减至为零吗?

Can We Reduce HIV Infections to Zero? 我们可以将艾滋病感染率减至为零吗?

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

来自VOA，这里是健康生活频道。

A diagnosis¹ of HIV/AIDS used to be a death sentence.

患有艾滋病，就意味着被判了死刑

Now, with proper treatment, people with HIV can live long, healthy lives. If they take their anti-AIDS drugs, the amount of the virus in their blood can be so small that it is impossible to infect others.

现在，随着医疗水平的提供，艾滋病病人的寿命得以延长。如果坚持服役抗艾药物，他们血液中病毒含量就会降到很低，根本不会使他人受感染。

And, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says a daily pill can prevent HIV infection for those who don't have the virus.

美国疾控中心表示：每天服药可以普通人就可以预防艾滋

Dr. Anthony Fauci has spent much of his life working on HIV/AIDS at the National Institutes of Health. He says the world has turned a corner on the virus. To turn the corner means to pass an important part of a process.

Anthony Fauci博士一直致力于研究艾滋病。现在全世界对艾滋病病毒都很敏感，但是忽略了一个很重要的环节。

Fauci also talks about the trajectory² of the epidemic³, meaning the path or progression of the disease.

Anthony Fauci讲到疾病传播的途径。

"If you look at the trajectory of the epidemic, we are on a course towards ending it in the sense of 'as we know it' because we've always known it as going up, now it's flattening⁴ off, and now it's going to start to go down. And we're starting to see that decline."

如果你仔细观察艾滋病流行的趋势，艾滋病数量已经从原来的持续上涨到了人数平稳，现在已经开始逐渐下降了。

The United Nations says new HIV infections have been reduced by 35 percent since 2000. And, it says, AIDS-related deaths are down by 42 percent since the peak in 2004.

联合国表示：艾滋病新感染已经从2000年起，下降了35%。而且由艾滋病导致的死亡病例从2004年达到最高值后下降了42%

The world community has come a long way in the battle against HIV/AIDS – but the disease has not disappeared.

世界各国组织一直在和艾滋病作斗争，从未完全消灭艾滋病

HIV around the world

全球患艾滋病人数

Thirty-seven million people around the world are still living with HIV. One million new people are infected each year. And each year sees more than a million deaths. This is according to a U.N. 2014 AIDS report.

根据2014年艾滋病报道。全球有3.7亿人患有艾滋病。每年新增感染病例100万。每年因为艾滋病死亡人士超过100万人。

This report also states that in 2014, new infections were up in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. The areas of the world where new infection rates are falling are Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific.

报告中还提到2014年，东欧、中东、中亚和北非感染艾滋病数量增多。但是拉美地区、非洲撒哈拉沙漠，亚洲和太平洋地区数量下降。

Sub-Saharan Africa is the area hardest hit by the AIDS epidemic. But they are seeing progress.

撒哈拉以南非洲是一直是艾滋病最泛滥的地区，但是这两年抗艾工作取得成效。

Dr. Deborah Birx is the Global AIDS Coordinator⁵ at the U.S. State Department. Birx says young people in Sub-Saharan Africa are at a particularly high risk for HIV/AIDS.

Deborah Birx博士是美国国务院全球艾滋病协调员。茎秆说，在撒哈拉以南非洲年轻人特别容易受到艾滋病感染。

"Older men are infecting young women between the ages of 15 and 24, and then those young women five to six years later go on to infect young male partners in their 20s. So, if you want to change the total course of the HIV epidemic, you have to get older men on treatment and you have to have programs that allow young women to stay HIV negative."

年长的男性让15岁到24岁的女性感染艾滋病，然后这些患有艾滋病的女性在5到6年结婚之后让她们的男性伴侣患上艾滋病。如果向克服艾滋病，就必须从年长男性和年轻女性开始预防。"

Communication and behavior

交流和行动

Talking about HIV and sexual behavior is part of the formula for success. Policy and health experts agree that removing the stigma⁶ around HIV and getting more people on anti-AIDS drugs are needed to get to the number of infected zero.

能够公开谈论艾滋病毒和性行为是成功的一大部分。政策和卫生专家同意，如果能够消除周围人恐艾情绪，鼓励更多人服用抗艾药物，能够使得感染艾滋病数量减为0。

The people most at risk of infection are intravenous, or needle-using, drug users and homosexual men.

最易感染艾滋病的人群为使用静脉注射，乱用针头，吸毒者和男同性恋者。

AIDS activist⁷ Rodney McCoy is HIV positive. He says he believes the biggest block to achieving an AIDS-free generation is not facing the disease.

抗艾人士Rodney McCoy自己就是患有艾滋病。他表示：如果大众不愿意面对艾滋病，那么我们将无法实行无艾滋病一代。

"Not talking about HIV, not talking about what we do sexually. Not wanting to get tested. Basically, that refusal to acknowledge that HIV is still an issue and that refusal to look at our own risks."

“不讨论艾滋病，不讨论该如何进行正确性行为，不愿意接受艾滋病检查。总而言之就是拒绝承认艾滋病。那么将会导致更多人患有艾滋病”

The Berlin patient

柏林病人

But new approaches to treatment are also leading to surprising results.

现在，最新的治疗方法已经取得令人欣喜的效果

A man in the U.S., the so-called Berlin patient, is now famously the only person in the world who has been cured of HIV.

美国一名男子，也叫柏林病人，世界上唯一一个自己治愈艾滋病的人。

As reported in the Huffington Post and other news outlets⁸, Timothy Ray Brown tested positive for HIV in 1995.

根据《赫芬顿邮报》和其他新闻媒体报道，在 1995 年蒂莫西雷布朗查出患有艾滋病。

In 2007 and 2008 he had bone marrow⁹ transplants in Berlin to help fight his leukemia.

在 2007年和2008年在柏林接受骨髓移植治疗。

Eight years later, Brown remains¹¹ free from leukemia and is still the only person on the planet to be cured of HIV.

八年后，布朗的白血病没有复发，仍然是这个星球上唯一得过艾滋病后康复的人。

Words in This Story

turned a corner - fig¹⁰. to pass a critical point in a process

trajectory – n. a path, progression, or line of development resembling a physical trajectory trajectory>

bone marrow transplant - medical  A bone marrow transplant is a procedure to replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells. Bone marrow is the soft, fatty tissue inside your bones. The bone marrow produces blood cells.

formula -– n. a plan or method for doing, making, or achieving something

stigma – n. a mark of shame or discredit¹²

intravenous – adj. through, in, or into a vein; entering the body through a vein

1 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

2 trajectory   

n.弹道，轨道

参考例句：

• It is not difficult to sketch the subsequent trajectory.很容易描绘出它们最终的轨迹。
• The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory.抛物体所循的路径称为它的轨道。

3 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

4 flattening   

n. 修平 动词flatten的现在分词

参考例句：

• Flattening of the right atrial border is also seen in constrictive pericarditis. 右心房缘变平亦见于缩窄性心包炎。
• He busied his fingers with flattening the leaves of the book. 他手指忙着抚平书页。

5 coordinator   

n.协调人

参考例句：

• The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下，负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。
• How am I supposed to find the client-relations coordinator? 我怎么才能找到客户关系协调员的办公室？

6 stigma   

n.耻辱，污名；(花的)柱头

参考例句：

• Being an unmarried mother used to carry a social stigma.做未婚母亲在社会上曾是不光彩的事。
• The stigma of losing weighed heavily on the team.失败的耻辱让整个队伍压力沉重。

7 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

8 outlets   

n.出口( outlet的名词复数 )；经销店；插座；廉价经销店

参考例句：

• The dumping of foreign cotton blocked outlets for locally grown cotton. 外国棉花的倾销阻滞了当地生产的棉花的销路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They must find outlets for their products. 他们必须为自己的产品寻找出路。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 marrow   

n.骨髓；精华；活力

参考例句：

• It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了，他感到寒冷刺骨。
• He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。

10 fig   

n.无花果(树)

参考例句：

• The doctor finished the fig he had been eating and selected another.这位医生吃完了嘴里的无花果，又挑了一个。
• You can't find a person who doesn't know fig in the United States.你找不到任何一个在美国的人不知道无花果的。

11 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

12 discredit   

vt.使不可置信；n.丧失信义；不信，怀疑

参考例句：

• Their behaviour has bought discredit on English football.他们的行为败坏了英国足球运动的声誉。
• They no longer try to discredit the technology itself.他们不再试图怀疑这种技术本身。