VOA慢速英语2016 2050年海洋中的塑料会比鱼还多

Oceans To Hold More Plastic Than Fish by 2050 2050年海洋中的塑料会比鱼还多

There will be more plastic than fish in terms of weight in the world's oceans by 2050, the World Economic Forum¹ warned Tuesday.

1月19日，世界经济论坛发出警告：到2050年，世界各大海洋中的塑料垃圾总重量将超过海中鱼类。

Plastic has become one of the world's most popular materials, combining amazing functionality and very low production costs. Its use has increased 20-fold in the past 50 years and is expected to double again in the next 20 years.

塑料制品应用广泛、造价低廉，在世界各地都广受人们欢迎。过去五十年中，塑料使用量增长了20倍，并且有望在接下来的20年里再翻一番。

Almost everybody in the world comes into contact with it -- over a quarter of all plastic is used for packaging, the most popular use of the material.

塑料制品中最受欢迎的当属塑料袋了，超过四分之一的塑料最终都制成了各种袋子。日常生活中，几乎每个人都要用到它。

But only 14% of plastic packaging is collected for recycling. The reuse rate is terrible compared to other materials -- 58% of paper and up to 90% of iron and steel gets recycled.

但是，全球只有14%的塑料袋得以回收利用。纸张再用率为58%，而钢铁的循环使用率可高达90%，相较于这些资源，塑料的再使用情况则相当糟糕。

It gets worse. Almost a third of all plastic packaging escapes collection systems and ends up in nature or clogging² up infrastructure³.

眼下，情况变得越来越糟了。近三分之一的塑料袋无法回收，要么堵在了城市基础设施的某个角落，要么在自然界中“自生自灭”。

"After a short first-use cycle, 95% of plastic packaging material value, or $80 billion to $120 billion annually⁴, is lost to the economy," the WEF said in a report.

世界经济论坛在其报告中指出：“塑料袋的首次使用周期很短，由于再用率低下，95%的塑料袋都白白浪费掉了，造成的经济损失每年高达800亿至1200亿美元。”

The report is based on interviews with over 180 experts and on analysis of over 200 reports.

这份报告是在采访了180多名专家，并对200多份报告进行了大量分析后提出的。

They estimate that by 2050, the amount of plastics produced globally will increase three times to 1,124 million tons. By then, the "plastic economy" will take up 15% of the world's global carbon budget, compared to just 1% today.

据预计，2050年全球塑料产量将增加三倍，高达11.24亿吨。届时，“塑料经济”将占有全球碳预算15%的份额，而目前其份额仅为1%。

The so-called carbon budget is the total amount of carbon dioxide the world can pump into the atmosphere while still having a chance of stopping short of 2 degrees of global warming.

所谓的“碳预算”是指全球排放到大气中的二氧化碳总量的上限，以保证还有机会将全球变暖的增幅遏制在两摄氏度内。

The forum said the only way to avoid a disaster is to massively improve the economics and uptake of recycling. That means giving people incentives⁵ to collect plastic garbage and recycle, use reusable packaging, and encourage countries to drastically improve their waste collection infrastructure, to avoid plastic garbage leaking into the nature.

该论坛发表声明说，避免这一灾难的唯一途径就是大力改善经济结构，提高循环使用率。这意味着激励人们去回收并循环使用塑料垃圾，使用可重复使用的包装袋，鼓励各国大力改善废物回收设施，以防止塑料垃圾排放到自然环境中。

Words in This Story

recycling – n. to make something new from something that has been used before

trend – n. a general direction of change : a way of behaving, proceeding⁶, etc., that is developing and becoming more common

dump – v. to put (something) somewhere in a quick and careless way

garbage – n. things that are no longer useful or wanted and that have been thrown out

packaging – n. material used to enclose or contain something

choke – v. to become unable to breathe usually because something gets stuck in your throat

1 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

2 clogging   

堵塞，闭合

参考例句：

• This process suffers mainly from clogging the membrane. 这种过程的主要问题是滤膜的堵塞。
• And you know that eyewitness that's been clogging up the airwaves? 你知道那个充斥着电视广播的目击证人？

3 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

4 annually   

adv.一年一次，每年

参考例句：

• Many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
• They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。

5 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

6 proceeding   

n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报

参考例句：

• This train is now proceeding from Paris to London.这次列车从巴黎开往伦敦。
• The work is proceeding briskly.工作很有生气地进展着。