Expressions from Alice in Wonderland

Expressions from Alice in Wonderland

Hello! From VOA Learning English, this is Words and Their Stories.

Many expressions that we use in American English come from movies and books. Today we will explore expressions from Lewis Carroll’s famous book “Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.” This book is better known as “Alice in Wonderland.”

“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” was published in 1865. The story is about a young girl falling, falling, falling … for a long time down a rabbit hole. When she finally lands, she finds herself in a strange world.                                                             

In this strange world are some of the most recognizable characters in children’s literature. Many of them, and other expressions from the book, have found their way into American English.

The first character Alice meets is the White Rabbit. The White Rabbit is not your usual rabbit. First of all, he is wearing a vest and carrying a pocket watch. He also has somewhere very important to be, he says over and over.

Running past Alice, he says, “I’m late! I’m late! For a very important date! No time to say hello goodbye, I’m late, I’m late, I’m late!”

Alice chases after him, and that is where her adventures begin. 

In English, chasing a white rabbit means to chase the impossible, a fantasy, a dream. In 1967, the rock band Jefferson Airplane wrote a song called “White Rabbit.” The song tells of Alice's adventures and hints that drugs are involved.

And if you go chasing rabbits

And you know you're going to fall

Tell 'em a hookah-smoking caterpillar¹

But don’t worry. You need not take drugs. Following the white rabbit means following an unlikely clue and finding yourself in the middle of an extraordinary situation. This situation often challenges your beliefs and changes your life.

The White Rabbit is so curious, so strange, that Alice cannot help but to follow him. As she chases after him, she falls down the rabbit hole into Wonderland.

Like chasing a white rabbit, these days to go down the rabbit hole does not have to mean taking drugs to change your reality.

To fall down the rabbit hole can mean to enter a confusing situation.

However, usually we use this expression to mean we got interested in something to the point of distraction². We lose all track of time. It often happens by accident and is about something not that meaningful.

With this idiom, you can add details to further describe what type of rabbit hole you fell into, as in this example:

"Where have been? You were supposed to meet me here an hour ago."

"I am so sorry! I was looking online for some advice on how to get a baby to fall asleep and I fell into a rabbit hole of parenting blogs!"

"There are tens of thousands of those. It’s a wonder you made your way out!"

Going down the rabbit hole can also mean a strange state of mind.

Later in the story, Alice is the guest at a tea party – a crazy tea party! There she meets the March Hare and the Hatter. They give her riddle³ after riddle. And both seem truly crazy.  

As with many expressions found in Carroll’s books mad as a March hare appeared in other places long before the publication of his book.

Hares have long been thought to behave excitedly in March, which is their mating season. Scientifically, this may not be true. But to be mad as a March hare means that someone is completely mad, or crazy.

The expression mad as a Hatter also means to be completely crazy. Of the two, mad as a Hatter is more common. But don’t tell the March Hare. Who knows how he will react!

Now, we move on to the Cheshire Cat. Smiling like the Cheshire Cat was a common expression during Victorian times. Carroll brought this expression to life in his book with the character the Cheshire Cat. A person who is compared to the Cheshire Cat is sneaky, cunning, mischievous⁴, unpredictable and mysterious.

Near the end of the story, Alice meets the Queen of Hearts.

The Queen of Hearts is a foul-tempered monarch⁵. She is quick to give the death sentence for the slightest wrongdoing by yelling, “Off with their heads! Off with their heads!”

A woman who is called a Queen of Hearts is a control freak.

She is a self-appointed queen of events. And she is an aggressive woman who tries to dominate everything and everyone around her.

Using expressions from popular books can add a special flavor to your English. And when used properly, they also show you have a deeper understanding of the literature and culture of the English language. So, have fun with them!

And that’s Words and Their Stories.

Words in This Story

hint – v. to say (something) or give information about (something) in an indirect way; to suggest

extraordinary – adj. very unusual; very different from what is normal or customary

sneaky – adj. behaving in a secret and usually dishonest way

cunning – adj. getting what is wanted by trickery

mischievous – adj. showing a playful desire to cause trouble

monarch – n. a leader of a kingdom or empire

dominate – v. to have control of or power over someone or something

1 caterpillar   

n.毛虫，蝴蝶的幼虫

参考例句：

• A butterfly is produced by metamorphosis from a caterpillar.蝴蝶是由毛虫脱胎变成的。
• A caterpillar must pass through the cocoon stage to become a butterfly.毛毛虫必须经过茧的阶段才能变成蝴蝶。

2 distraction   

n.精神涣散，精神不集中，消遣，娱乐

参考例句：

• Total concentration is required with no distractions.要全神贯注，不能有丝毫分神。
• Their national distraction is going to the disco.他们的全民消遣就是去蹦迪。

3 riddle   

n.谜，谜语，粗筛；vt.解谜，给…出谜，筛，检查，鉴定，非难，充满于；vi.出谜

参考例句：

• The riddle couldn't be solved by the child.这个谜语孩子猜不出来。
• Her disappearance is a complete riddle.她的失踪完全是一个谜。

4 mischievous   

adj.调皮的，恶作剧的，有害的，伤人的

参考例句：

• He is a mischievous but lovable boy.他是一个淘气但可爱的小孩。
• A mischievous cur must be tied short.恶狗必须拴得短。

5 monarch   

n.帝王，君主，最高统治者

参考例句：

• The monarch's role is purely ceremonial.君主纯粹是个礼仪职位。
• I think myself happier now than the greatest monarch upon earth.我觉得这个时候比世界上什么帝王都快乐。