Improve Your English by Looking for Patterns

Improve Your English by Looking for Patterns

In the Education Tips series, education experts in the United States give you tips about how you can improve your English skills. This week, Eli Hinkel, a professor at Seattle Pacific University, talks about patterns in the English language.

For VOA Learning English, this is the Education Report.

Eli Hinkel, a professor at Seattle Pacific University, says that English learners need to learn to recognize patterns in the English language.

These patterns, she says, are actually phrases – terms or expressions that relate to speaking and writing.

Examples of patterns

So, what exactly are these phrases?

Here is a real-life example. The author of this story sent an email requesting a time to speak with Hinkel.

The email was similar to this one:

"Hi, Dr. Hinkel,

"My name is John Russell, and I work for the Learning English Division of Voice of America … Are you available for an interview sometime in the next two weeks? We're looking for advice from education experts, and your input¹ would be greatly appreciated."

Hinkel gave examples of important phrases in the email:

"Hi! My name is something and something. I work for VOA. Are you available …? We're looking for ….  

"You did not come and say 'Hey! I saw you speak ... Give me an interview."

The important pattern-like phrases that she spoke² about are the phrases "Hi! My name is…," "I work for…," "Are you available …?" and "We're looking for …"

These expressions are considered polite ways, in American English, to introduce yourself or to ask another person for something.

These phrases are socially acceptable and grammatically correct.

Building a large set of socially acceptable and grammatically correct phrases can make the language learning process easier, says Hinkel.

Anna Uhl Chamot also has studied learning strategies. She advises learners to look for patterns as they learn a language. Chamot calls this strategy "Finding and Applying Patterns."

Academic articles follow patterns

Eli Hinkel says English academic writing, in particular, uses patterns more often than writing in other European languages.

"So, French article writing is not formulaic, German is not formulaic, in general, Central and Eastern Europeans don't do formulae. So, it (the English language) is highly formulaic in practically every way – not just the structure, but also the mode of expression."

Hinkel adds that English academic articles often begin with a statement of purpose and then uses common patterns throughout.

She gave an example of common and important phrases for introducing a topic and giving a summary in academic writing:

"This paper will discuss X, Y, and Z.

"First, it will consider A, B, and C, then it will also take a look at blah-blah-blah, and in conclusion, the paper will explain B, C and D. So, in general, these formulae are something that most learners don't notice."

The important phrases that learners don't often notice include the following: "First, it will consider …," "then it will take a look at …," and "in conclusion, the paper will explain …"

There are many other common phrases in academic writing.

For example, you will often see statements such as "I claim that …," which is a common way to make an assertion, or "One suggestion is that ..., " which is a common phrase for making a recommendation.

Future education stories will discuss more common phrases in academic writing.

Three steps to improving your writing

One common problem for English learners is that they often do their writing assignments without a clear goal in mind.

For example, Hinkel says, when learners write personal narratives³ they may choose their subject with little planning.

“So, they (English learners) just simply say 'Alright, I'm going to write about my memory from childhood. And it was about my greatest grandfather in the world. And I love him, and he has been long dead.' "

She adds that English learners can improve their writing by planning what they want to write:

"So, my first and first and first and second and third and fourth tip: Whatever it is that learners are writing – personal memory, scientific article, or a write-up of an interview like this one – follow the pattern…

"So, that requires three things:

"First, identify similar genre⁴.

"Second, analyze⁵ the stinking⁶ thing to death, until you can identify this pattern. And then follow the yellow brick road."

In other words, learners should choose stories, identify patterns in the stories, and then use the patterns that they find in their own writing.

Try looking for patterns

So, try to find patterns the next time you read a story on our website, learningenglish.voanews.com. Then try to use the patterns that you find.

Remember, you should not copy a paper line by line. Copying a paper is considered plagiarism⁷, and plagiarism is unacceptable in English-speaking academic work!

However, you should look for examples of pattern-like phrases in the stories. Then, try to include the phrases in your writing or speaking.

Words in This Story

pattern – n. the regular and repeated way in which something happens or is done

phrase – n. a group of two or more words that express a single idea but do not usually form a complete sentence

formulaic – adj. produced according to a formula

assertion – n. a statement about something that is given in a strong and definite way

recommendation – n.  a suggestion about what should be done

analyze the stinking thing to death – an idiomatic⁸ phrase that means to analyze something for a long time

follow the yellow brick road – an idiomatic phrase that means to follow a clear path

plagiarism – n. the act of using another person's words or ideas without giving credit to that person

1 input   

n.输入(物)；投入；vt.把(数据等)输入计算机

参考例句：

• I will forever be grateful for his considerable input.我将永远感激他的大量投入。
• All this information had to be input onto the computer.所有这些信息都必须输入计算机。

2 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

3 narratives   

记叙文( narrative的名词复数 )； 故事； 叙述； 叙述部分

参考例句：

• Marriage, which has been the bourne of so many narratives, is still a great beginning. 结婚一向是许多小说的终点，然而也是一个伟大的开始。
• This is one of the narratives that children are fond of. 这是孩子们喜欢的故事之一。

4 genre   

n.(文学、艺术等的)类型，体裁，风格

参考例句：

• My favorite music genre is blues.我最喜欢的音乐种类是布鲁斯音乐。
• Superficially,this Shakespeare's work seems to fit into the same genre.从表面上看， 莎士比亚的这个剧本似乎属于同一类型。

5 analyze   

vt.分析，解析 (=analyse)

参考例句：

• We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
• The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。

6 stinking   

adj.臭的，烂醉的，讨厌的v.散发出恶臭( stink的现在分词 )；发臭味；名声臭；糟透

参考例句：

• I was pushed into a filthy, stinking room. 我被推进一间又脏又臭的屋子里。
• Those lousy, stinking ships. It was them that destroyed us. 是的！就是那些该死的蠢猪似的臭飞船！是它们毁了我们。 来自英汉非文学 - 科幻

7 plagiarism   

n.剽窃，抄袭

参考例句：

• Teachers in America fight to control cheating and plagiarism.美国老师们努力对付欺骗和剽窃的问题。
• Now he's in real trouble.He's accused of plagiarism.现在他是真遇到麻烦了。他被指控剽窃。

8 idiomatic   

adj.成语的，符合语言习惯的

参考例句：

• In our reading we should always be alert for idiomatic expressions.我们在阅读过程中应经常注意惯用法。
• In his lecture,he bore down on the importance of idiomatic usage in a language.他在演讲中着重强调了语言中习惯用法的重要性。