VOA慢速英语2018 Worldwide Cancer Rates Rising

Worldwide Cancer Rates Rising

Around the world, one is six deaths is from cancer. And a new study notes an increase in cancer rates around the world.

在世界各地，1/6的死亡案例是因为癌症。一项新的研究指出，全球癌症发病率有所上升。

This study comes from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, an agency of the World Health Organization (WHO). It attempts to estimate the number of cancer cases and cancer death rates in 185 countries.

这项研究出自国际癌症研究所，这是世卫组织旗下的一家机构。该机构试图估算出185个国家的患癌人数以及癌症死亡率。

The study estimates that 18 million new cancer cases will be reported in 2018. It adds that about 9.6 million people are expected to die of cancer this year.

该研究估计2018年将会新报告1800万起癌症。该机构补充说，预计今年会有大约960万人死于癌症。

The study found that, around the world, one in five men and one in six women develop cancer during their lifetime. It also found that more men than women die of cancer.

该研究发现，在世界各地有1/5的男性和1/6的女性在其一生当中会患上癌症。它还发现，死于癌症的男性多于女性。

The study estimates that nearly half of the new cancer cases and more than half of cancer deaths this year will take place in Asia. This is partly because nearly 60 percent of the world’s population lives on that continent.

该研究估计，今年有近一半的癌症新增病例以及一半以上的癌症死亡病例发生在亚洲，部分原因是全球近60%的人口生活在这片大陆上。

The new study looked at 36 kinds of cancer. The most common were:

这项新的研究考察了36种癌症。最常见的是：

lung

肺癌

breast

乳腺癌

colorectal

结直肠癌

prostate

前列腺癌

skin cancer (non-melanoma)

皮肤癌（非黑色素瘤）

and stomach

和胃癌

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The study estimates that nearly 1.8 million people will die of lung cancer this year.

肺癌是全球死亡的主要原因之一。该研究估计今年将会有近180万人死于肺癌。

The study also attempted to show where in the world cancer rates are rising the most.

该研究还试图展示出全球癌症发病率上升最多的地区。

Freddie Bray¹ is with the International Agency for Research on Cancer. He says that by the year 2040, the number of new cancer cases is expected to rise to 29.3 million worldwide. He said this will cause financial hardship in areas lacking the money needed to fight cancer.

弗雷迪·布雷（Freddie Bray）是国际癌症研究所的成员。他说，到2040年，全球癌症新增病例有望增加到2930万人。他说，这会给缺乏抗癌所需资金的地区造成经济困难。

"The biggest increases in the cancer burden, a doubling of the cancer burden to 2040, is going to occur in countries at the lowest levels of socio-economic development -- some in Sub-Saharan Africa, some in South America, some in southern Asia. But the countries faced with this increasing cancer burden are presently ill-equipped to deal with the pending² increase."

布雷表示：“到2020年，癌症负担的最大增长可能会翻倍，这会发生在一些社会经济发展水平最低的国家，其中一些国家在撒哈拉以南非洲，一些在南美洲，还有些在南亚。但是这些面临癌症负担日趋严重的国家没有能力去应对这种即将发生的增长。”

Ways to protect yourself

自我保护途径

The WHO reports that between 30–50 percent of cancers can be prevented by avoiding certain risk factors. Some factors may increase a person’s chance of getting cancer. Examples are:

世卫组织报告称，30%到50%的癌症可以通过避免某些风险因素来预防。一些因素会增加个人的患癌机会。例如：

tobacco use, including smoking cigarettes and smokeless tobacco

吸烟，包括普通香烟和无烟香烟

being overweight

肥胖

having an unhealthy diet; not eating enough fruit and vegetables

饮食不健康，没有摄入足量的水果和蔬菜

lack of physical exercise

缺乏运动

alcohol use

饮酒

air pollution

空气污染

burning solid fuels indoors

在室内燃烧固体燃料

Etienne Krug is the director of the WHO's Department of Non-Communicable Diseases. To help protect yourself, he suggests several steps. He says cutting down on tobacco and alcohol use may reduce your chance of getting cancer. He also suggests that by exercising more and eating better, you may help to protect yourself against cancer.

艾蒂尼·克鲁格（Etienne Krug）是世卫组织非传染病科的主任。他提出了自我保护的几个步骤。他说，减少吸烟和饮酒可能会降低癌症患病几率。他还提出通过多加锻炼、改善饮食，可能有助于保护自己免受癌症的侵害。

For some cancers, he says that getting vaccinated³ may also help. Vaccines⁵ can help to strengthen the body’s natural defenses against some cancers, like cervical and liver cancers.

他说，对于某些癌症来说，接种疫苗可能也有帮助。疫苗可以帮助身体加强对某些癌症的天然防御，例如宫颈癌和肝癌。

"And we also could do a lot by increasing immunization against some cancers like cervical cancer and liver cancers, for example. But for those who have cancer, cancer should not be a death sentence anymore."

克鲁格表示：“例如我们也可以通过提高抗宫颈癌和肝癌的疫苗接种来做很多事情。但是对已经患有癌症的人群来说，患上癌症不应该再像是被判处死刑。”

Krug suggests that other steps can help to increase cancer survival rates. They include strengthening health services, improving early diagnosis⁶ and providing access to proper treatment. He adds that special care should be given to patients with inoperable cancer to help ease their suffering.

克鲁格提出了可以帮助提高癌症生存率的其它步骤，包括加强卫生服务，改善早期诊断并提供适当治疗。他补充说，应该特别照顾那些患上癌症无法手术的患者，以帮助减轻他们的痛苦。

For more information, visit the website of the Global Cancer Observatory⁷, which is part of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. It has created a detailed⁸ web page called CANCER TODAY presenting these findings in easy-to-read infographics.

欲了解更多信息，请访问全球癌症观察网站，该网站是国际癌症研究所的一部分。该网站创建了一个名为 CANCER TODAY 的详细网页，以易于阅读的信息图标方式展示了这些研究发现。

I’m Anna Matteo.

Words in This Story

hardship – n. something that causes pain, suffering, or loss

burden – n. something that is hard to take

ill-equipped – adj. not having the experience or preparation that is needed

pending – adj. not yet decided⁹ : being in continuance

factor - n. a detail or fact or event that influences a result

non-communicable – medical adj. not capable of being communicated

immunization – n. to give (someone) a vaccine⁴ to prevent infection by a disease

diagnosis – n. the art or act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms

access – n. freedom or ability to obtain or make use of something

infographic – n. a chart, diagram, or illustration (as in a book or magazine, or on a website) that uses graphic elements to present information in a visually striking way

1 bray   

n.驴叫声, 喇叭声；v.驴叫

参考例句：

• She cut him off with a wild bray of laughter.她用刺耳的狂笑打断了他的讲话。
• The donkey brayed and tried to bolt.这头驴嘶叫着试图脱缰而逃。

2 pending   

prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的

参考例句：

• The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
• He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。

3 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

4 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

7 observatory   

n.天文台，气象台，瞭望台，观测台

参考例句：

• Guy's house was close to the observatory.盖伊的房子离天文台很近。
• Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.格林威治天文台的职员们每天对大钟检查两次。

8 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。