VOA慢速英语2018 亚洲货币贬值 政府能否躲过危机？

As Asian Currencies Lose Value, Can Governments Avoid a Crisis?

Many of Asia’s currencies are losing value against the United States dollar this year.

今年亚洲许多货币兑美元汇率都在下跌。

But experts say governments are managing the losses better than they did in the past.

但是专家表示，政府比过去更好地管控了这一损失。

The currencies of China, India, Indonesia and Myanmar all have lost value since January of 2018. The Indian rupee was at a record low against the U.S. dollar in June. And the Chinese yuan lost 3.2 percent in the first half of the year.

自2018年1月以来，中国、印度、印尼以及缅甸货币都有所贬值。印度卢比在今年6月份兑美元汇率创下了历史新低。人民币汇率在上半年下跌了3.2%。

Economists² say there are many reasons for this, including possible contagion³ from financial problems in Turkey. They also say investors⁵ are worried about the effects of the trade dispute between the United States and China.

经济学家表示，这有许多原因，包括土耳其经济问题可能蔓延。他们还表示投资者担心中美贸易争端的影响。

Next week, China will face additional U.S. tariffs⁶ on $16 billion-worth of Chinese products.

下周，中国价值160亿美元的商品将面临美国额外征收的关税。

Song Seng Wun is an economist¹ with investment bank CIMB in Singapore. He said, "It's just basically that everything we've worried about now and then sort of converged⁸."

宋诚焕（Song Seng Wun）是新加坡联昌国际银行（CIMB）的经济学家。他表示，“基本上我们时常担心的问题都凑到一起了。”

Why are Asian currencies losing value?

亚洲货币为何贬值？

Experts say there is no single reason currency exchange values are lower in Asia. Rising oil prices may have affected⁹ the Indian rupee for example. Myanmar has had large growth in imported products.

专家表示，亚洲货币汇率贬值并不是单一原因造成的。例如，石油价格不断上涨可能影响到了印度卢比，而缅甸的进口产品大幅增长。

In Vietnam, Bao Viet Securities, a financial business, said Vietnam's currency has lost value because the value of the currencies of neighboring countries have gone down.

在越南，保越证券(Bao Viet Securities)表示，越南货币贬值是因为邻国货币贬值。

But it is the fall of Turkey's lira and the possibility that it could bring down other currencies that has caused problems in Asian currency markets, Song said.

但是宋诚焕表示，是土耳其货币里拉的下跌以及可能拖累其它货币给亚洲货币市场造成了麻烦。

The continuing trade dispute between the U.S. and China is another reason for the currency problems.

中美之间持续的贸易争端也是货币问题的另一个原因。

Some media reports have said that the U.S.-China trade war has caused investors in India to move away from local stocks and similar assets.

一些媒体报道称，中美贸易战已经导致印度投资者抛弃本国股票和类似资产。

Maxfield Brown is an expert with the business services company Dezan Shira & Associates. He spoke¹⁰ about the exchange value of Vietnam's currency.

麦克斯菲尔德·布朗（Maxfield Brown）是协理管理咨询公司(Dezan Shira & Associates)的一名专家。他谈到了越南货币的汇率。

"I think there's a number of reasons why it could be going down," he said.

他说：“我认为有很多原因导致越南货币贬值。”

Brown said Vietnamese officials are frightened about recent U.S. and Chinese actions and everyone is being cautious.

布朗表示，越南官员对中美之间最近采取的行动感到害怕，每个人都持谨慎态度。”

Learning from mistakes in the past

从过去的错误中吸取教训

Financial officials of some Asian governments have answered market uncertainty¹¹ by raising interest rates. Raising rates usually increases the exchange value of a currency.

一些亚洲国家的财政官员通过提高利率来应对市场的不确定性。提高利率通常会提升货币汇率。

Indonesia has raised important interest rates four times in three months. India and the Philippines have also raised rates.

印尼在过去三个月里加息了四次。印度和菲律宾也提高了利率。

Asian countries are keeping more foreign currency in their banks and trying to lessen¹² national debts, said Marie Diron. She is a director of Moody's Investor⁴ Services in Singapore.

穆迪投资者服务公司(Moody 's Investors Service)驻新加坡负责人玛丽·迪隆(Marie Diron)表示，亚洲国家正在加大外汇储备并试图降低国债。

She said actions like raising rates help to control falls in currency values.

她说，提高利率等措施有助于控制汇率下跌。

In Vietnam, government officials learned from bad currency decisions in the past and now their answers are "measured," Brown said.

布朗表示，越南政府官员从过去的不良货币决策中吸取了教训，现在他们是“有节制地”应对。

The French investment bank Narixis said Friday that China will likely take measures to support the economy. These actions should also help calm international financial markets.

法国外贸投资银行（Narixis）周五表示，中国可能会采取措施支持经济。这些举动也有助于稳定国际金融市场。

Most economists agree this is not a time of crisis. Asian currency falls are not a threat to the world's economy, Song said.

大多数经济学家认同现在没有危机。宋诚焕表示，亚洲货币贬值不会对世界经济构成威胁。

Words in This Story

currency – n. the money used by a country

contagion – n. a financial crisis that moves from one country to another

converge⁷ – v. to all meet together

cautious – adj. careful, uncertain

1 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

2 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 contagion   

n.(通过接触的疾病)传染；蔓延

参考例句：

• A contagion of fear swept through the crowd.一种恐惧感在人群中迅速蔓延开。
• The product contagion effect has numerous implications for marketing managers and retailers.产品传染效应对市场营销管理者和零售商都有很多的启示。

4 investor   

n.投资者，投资人

参考例句：

• My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
• The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。

5 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

6 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

7 converge   

vi.会合；聚集，集中；(思想、观点等)趋近

参考例句：

• The results converge towards this truth.其结果趋近于这个真理。
• Parallel lines converge at infinity.平行线永不相交。

8 converged   

v.（线条、运动的物体等）会于一点( converge的过去式 )；（趋于）相似或相同；人或车辆汇集；聚集

参考例句：

• Thousands of supporters converged on London for the rally. 成千上万的支持者从四面八方汇聚伦敦举行集会。
• People converged on the political meeting from all parts of the city. 人们从城市的四面八方涌向这次政治集会。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

10 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

11 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

12 lessen   

vt.减少，减轻；缩小

参考例句：

• Regular exercise can help to lessen the pain.经常运动有助于减轻痛感。
• They've made great effort to lessen the noise of planes.他们尽力减小飞机的噪音。