VOA慢速英语2019 some和any的用法区别

This week, we answer a question from Eri. Eri writes：

本周我们来回复埃里的问题。埃里写道：

Question:

提问：

 "Hi, VOA Learning¹ English. I want to know how to use ‘any' & ‘some.'"

“美国之音英语教学节目，你好，我想要知道如何使用any 和some这两个单词。

Answer:

回复：

Dear Eri,

亲爱的埃里，

It often seems² like English speakers³ use the words ‘any' and ‘some' in exactly⁵ the same way.  People use both words to describe⁶ an amount⁷ of something, but usually not an exact⁴ amount. Also, ‘any' and ‘some' often appear⁸ in similar⁹ sentences¹⁰ or questions.

英语人士似乎常常以完全相同的方式来使用any和some这两个单词。人们把这两个单词都用于描述物品的数量，但是通常是指不确切的数量。同样，any和some通常出现在相似的句子或问题中。

For example, let us say you are at school and your teacher tells the class to start working on a writing¹¹ project¹². Your friend turns to you and asks a question in one of two ways:

例如，假设你在学校，老师让同学们开始写作。你的朋友转向你，用下面的两种方式之一向你提问：

"Do you have any paper?" or "Do you have some paper?"

“你有纸吗？”

In both cases, your friend does not have the paper needed to do the work and is asking if you have extra¹³ paper they can use. But they are not asking for an exact amount of paper, like one or two or even¹⁴ three pieces.

在这两种情况下，你的朋友没有写作业要用的纸，问你有没有多余的纸给他用。但是他们并没有问你要具体数量的纸张，例如要一两张甚至三张。

The biggest difference¹⁵ between ‘any' and ‘some' is that the word you use in your answer depends¹⁶ on the kind of answer you will give.

这两个单词之间最大的区别是，你回答时用哪个词，取决于你给出的回答的类型。

Let us say you bought a lot of paper at the start of the school year, so you do have extra that you can share¹⁷ with your friend. In this case, you will make a positive¹⁸ statement¹⁹.

假设你在开学时购买了很多纸，因此你有多余的纸张可以跟朋友分享。在这种情况下，你将作出肯定的回答。

You say: "Yes, I have some. Here you go!"

你会说：“是的，我有呢，给你。”

However²⁰, let us say you already²¹ gave²² the extra paper you once had²³ to other classmates and you have no more to share. In this case, you will make a negative²⁴ statement.

然而，假设你已经把多余的纸张给其他同学了，你再没有纸给别人了。在这种情况下，你将会作出否定的回答。

You say: "No, I do not have any. Sorry!"

你会说：“不，我没纸了，对不起！”

But there is one kind of positive statement you can make using the word ‘any.' That is when someone²⁵ asks you a question and it is not important²⁶ or easy for you to give an exact answer.

但是有一种肯定回答你可以使用any这个单词。这就是当有人问你时，而你没有必要或者很难给出具体答案。

For example, let us say your teacher wants you to write about your interests²⁷. So he or she asks you: "What is your favorite²⁸ movie?"

例如，假设老师让给你写兴趣爱好。所以他（她）问你：“你最喜欢哪部电影？”

You think and think, but cannot think of one you like more than others²⁹. So you answer with: "Any movie that has action³⁰ in it!"

你想啊想，但是想不出哪部更喜欢。所以你可以回答：“只要是动作片我都喜欢。”

And that's Ask A Teacher!

以上就是本期名师答疑的全部内容。

1 learning   

n.学问，学识，学习；动词learn的现在分词

参考例句：

• When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
• Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

2 seems   

v.好像，仿佛( seem的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She seems to feel ambivalent about her new job. 她似乎对新工作忧喜参半。
• Her return to the team now seems a certainty. 她的归队现在似乎已成定局。

3 speakers   

n.扬声器( speaker的名词复数 )；演讲者；议长；说某种语言的人

参考例句：

• an impressive line-up of speakers 给人印象深刻的演讲者阵容
• All the speakers hook up to a single amplifier. 所有喇叭都接在单一的扩音器上。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 exact   

adj.确切的，正确的；准确的，精确的；vt.强要，强求；急需，需要

参考例句：

• I need to know the exact size.我需要知道确切的尺寸。
• Do you know the exact date?你知道确切日期吗？

5 exactly   

adv.准确地；严格地

参考例句：

• What I want is exactly this one.我要的就是这一个。
• I beg your pardon,what you say is not exactly correct.对不起，你说的话并不完全对。

6 describe   

vt.描绘，描写；形容，把…说成

参考例句：

• Can you describe your son?你能描述一下你儿子 吗？
• It is very difficult to describe my joy in words.我的快乐难以用语言来形容。

7 amount   

n.数量，总额；v.总计，等于

参考例句：

• What is the amount of this?这总共是多少？
• You'll have any amount of time after your exam.考试过后，你们会有很多的时间。

8 appear   

vi.出现，出场，出席，露面；似乎，好像，显得

参考例句：

• The students appear very nervous.学生们看起来很紧张。
• When night falls,stars appear.夜晚来到时星星出现。

9 similar   

adj.类似的；同样的

参考例句：

• The two boys look very similar.这两个孩子看上去很相似。
• A cat is similar to a tiger in many respects.猫和虎在很多方面相似。

10 sentences   

n.[律]判决，宣判，课刑；句子( sentence的名词复数 )；宣判，判决v.宣判，判决( sentence的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• The example sentences in this dictionary are printed in italic type. 本词典中的例句都是用斜体排印的。

11 writing   

n.写，写作；著作，文学作品

参考例句：

• I am also writing a short story.我也写短篇小说。
• Do you like writing for children?你愿意为儿童写作吗？

12 project   

n.（学校的)课题，作业；项目，计划；方案；工程

参考例句：

• The project will start next year.这项工程明年上马。
• I'm doing a project on Chinese history.我正在做一个有关中国历史的研究课题。

13 extra   

adj.额外的，外加的；特大的

参考例句：

• We do not ask for extra pay.我们不要求额外报酬。
• You have to pay extra for breakfast.早餐你要另外付费。

14 even   

adj.平坦的，偶数的，相等的；adv.甚至，恰好，正当

参考例句：

• It was cold yesterday,but it's even colder today. 昨天冷，今天更冷了。
• He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience.尽管他经验最少，但教得最好。

15 difference   

n.不同；差异；区别

参考例句：

• He doesn't know the difference between right and wrong.他是非不分。
• The difference is so slight,that I can hardly see it.差别很小，我几乎看不出来。

16 depends   

v.依靠( depend的第三人称单数 )；依赖；信赖；决定于

参考例句：

• The success or failure of the plan depends on you. 这项计划的成败取决于你。
• Our future prosperity depends on economic growth. 我们未来的繁荣昌盛依赖经济的发展。

17 share   

vt./vi.分享，共有，分配；n.共享；份额

参考例句：

• I will share in the cost with you.我愿意和你一起负担费用。
• Children should learn to share.小孩应该学会与人分享东西。

18 positive   

adj.肯定的；正面的，积极的；n.正片

参考例句：

• I try to stay positive.我尝试着保持积极。
• Can you be positive about what you saw?你能肯定你看得真切吗？

19 statement   

n.陈述；声明；综述

参考例句：

• The government will put out a new statement tomorrow.政府将于明天发布一项新声明。
• Put down your statement in black and white.把你的话用白纸黑字写下来。

20 however   

adv.然而；conj.然而，可是，不过

参考例句：

• It's raining hard.However,I still want to go there.虽然下着大雨，我还是想去那儿。
• However, this does not always happen.然而，这种情况并不总是发生。

21 already   

adv.已经

参考例句：

• We have eaten already.我们已经吃过了。
• I've been there already,so I don't want to go again.我早已去过那里了，所以我不想再去了。

22 gave   

vbl.（give的过去式）给予，产生，发表

参考例句：

• He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱，我给了他一些。
• I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图，这样你就不会迷路了。

23 had   

vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有

参考例句：

• I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
• The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。

24 negative   

adj.否定的；消极的；负面的

参考例句：

• He gave us a negative answer.他给了我们一个否定的回答。
• I think the film has some negative effect.我认为这电影有一些消极影响。

25 someone   

pron.某人，有人

参考例句：

• I can hear someone knocking.我听到有人敲门。
• Someone wants to see her.有人找她。

26 important   

adj.重要的；重大的；严重的

参考例句：

• It's important to find out what he is doing.弄清他在干什么是重要的。
• This is a very important problem.这个问题很重要。

27 interests   

n.兴趣( interest的名词复数 )；利益；利息；关注

参考例句：

• In the interests of hygiene, please wash your hands. 为了卫生，请洗手。
• These policies are inimical to the interests of society. 这些政策有损于社会的利益。

28 favorite   

n.特别喜爱的(人)物；adj.特别喜爱的

参考例句：

• Spring and autumn are my favorite seasons.春秋是我喜欢的季节。
• Her most favorite fruit is orange.她最喜欢的水果是桔子。

29 others   

prep.(pl.)另外的人

参考例句：

• Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要。
• She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。

30 action   

n.动作；情节；作用；举动

参考例句：

• The time has come for action.行动的时候到了。
• Is your machine still in action?你的机器还在运转吗？