VOA慢速英语--拯救世界湿地

Saving the World’s Wetlands

A team of farmers, university researchers and environmentalists is busy at work in the wetlands of eastern England. They are digging into the area's barley¹ and wheat fields. They are looking for wet earth that could hide lost ponds underneath².

The group of diggers takes just a few hours to bring one dying pond back to life. It is near Hindolveston, a thousand-year-old village close to the North Sea.

"As soon as they [buried ponds] get water and light, they just spring to life," says Nick Anema, a farmer in nearby Dereham. He has brought seven ponds on his property back to life.

"You've got frogs and toads³ and newts, all the insects like mayflies, dragonflies, damselflies. ... You can't really beat a pond," he said.

But the battle for the wetlands is a struggle. While efforts to halt losses are continuing, wetlands around the world are still being filled in and covered up.

Dorothy Wakeling of the conservation group Harare Wetlands Trust says people are disturbing wetlands which are supposed to be gradually releasing water into the city's water bodies.

Dorothy Wakeling of the conservation group Harare Wetlands Trust says people are disturbing wetlands which are supposed to be gradually releasing water into the city's water bodies.

Over the past three centuries, almost 90% of the world's wetlands have disappeared. This information comes from the Ramsar Convention, an organization formed around a 1971 treaty to protect wetlands.

The loss rate has increased since the 1970s, with wetlands now disappearing three times faster than the world's forests, the group says.

The results of such losses can be huge, notes Ramsar.

Some 5,000 wetland-dependent animal species could die off.

Wetland loss can also affect human beings. Wetlands act as natural storage areas for water. Losing those areas could lead to more severe flooding in many parts of the world. And the act of removing water from wetlands can release huge amounts of carbon dioxide, a major contributor to climate change.

Royal Gardner is director of the Institute for Biodiversity Law and Policy at Stetson University in the United States.

"We now know the value of wetlands, and we know with increasing precision how many wetlands we're losing. The next step is for the governments to act," he told The Associated Press.

Wetlands and farmers

A few hours of heavy rain in North Dakota are all it takes to change the dry earth of the U.S. prairie into thousands upon thousands of small wetlands.

But to North Dakota farmers, these wetlands can be an enemy. The muddy areas slow down tractors and other farm equipment. They can also limit crop production.

Barton Schott, a farmer, emptied several wetlands this summer to improve the fields he plans to pass on to one of his sons.

Schott pointed⁴ at fields with what he called "nuisance wetlands" as he drove his truck down a dirt road.

"We have to make bushels (of corn) for you guys. I just want to make the land better," he says.

Human-made wetlands

Human-made wetlands, however, are not decreasing in number. Rice paddies, water reservoirs and agricultural stock ponds have all increased since the 1970s, Ramsar says.

Yet scientists are concerned that there are important differences between natural wetlands and those created by people.

"People brag⁵ about the fact that there's been no net loss [of wetlands]. But what they've done is destroy natural wetlands and create artificial ones," says Stuart Pimm, a Duke University professor. "It makes it look like you're doing no harm when the reality is very different."

Nick Anema, the farmer from the beginning of this report, describes how his idea of farming differs from his father's. His father thought of the natural world as an obstacle, or barrier, to overcome.

For Anema, farming and safeguarding the land share an important link.

People had filled in a pond on Anema's farm about 150 years ago.

After being dug out, seeds from long-buried water plants came back to life.

Words in This Story

pond – n. a small body of water

species – n. a group of living organisms made up of similar individuals

contributor – n. a person or thing that helps cause something else to happen

precision – n. the quality of being exacting⁶

prairie – n. a large open area of grassland⁷

nuisance – n. a person, thing, or situation that causes trouble or problems — usually singular

bushel – n. a measurement for an amount of fruit and grain that is equal to about 35.2 liters in the United States and about 36.4 liters in Britain

reservoir – n. a large lake used to supply water

brag – v. to talk highly about oneself or one's family

net – n. an amount that is left over after all costs have been taken away

1 barley   

n.大麦，大麦粒

参考例句：

• They looked out across the fields of waving barley.他们朝田里望去,只见大麦随风摇摆。
• He cropped several acres with barley.他种了几英亩大麦。

2 underneath   

adj.在...下面，在...底下；adv.在下面

参考例句：

• Working underneath the car is always a messy job.在汽车底下工作是件脏活。
• She wore a coat with a dress underneath.她穿着一件大衣，里面套着一条连衣裙。

3 toads   

n.蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆( toad的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• All toads blink when they swallow. 所有的癞蛤蟆吞食东西时都会眨眼皮。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Toads have shorter legs and are generally more clumsy than frogs. 蟾蜍比青蛙脚短，一般说来没有青蛙灵活。 来自辞典例句

4 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

5 brag   

v./n.吹牛，自夸；adj.第一流的

参考例句：

• He made brag of his skill.他夸耀自己技术高明。
• His wealth is his brag.他夸张他的财富。

6 exacting   

adj.苛求的，要求严格的

参考例句：

• He must remember the letters and symbols with exacting precision.他必须以严格的精度记住每个字母和符号。
• The public has been more exacting in its demands as time has passed.随着时间的推移，公众的要求更趋严格。

7 grassland   

n.牧场，草地，草原

参考例句：

• There is a reach of grassland in the distance.远处是连绵一片的草原。
• The snowstorm swept the vast expanse of grassland.暴风雪袭击了辽阔的草原。