目前口服疫苗引起了更多脊髓灰质炎病例

More Polio Cases Now Caused by Oral Vaccine¹

Four African countries have reported new cases of polio linked to the oral vaccine meant to protect against the disease.

Health numbers show more children are now being paralyzed by viruses from the vaccinations² than wild polio viruses.

Last week, the World Health Organization, or WHO, and partners noted³ nine new polio cases caused by the oral vaccine in Nigeria, Congo, Central African Republic and Angola. Seven other African countries have similar cases, they said.

WHO and its partners also noted the problem in Asia. Of the two countries where polio remains⁴ widespread – Afghanistan and Pakistan – cases linked to the vaccine have been found in Pakistan.

In rare situations, the live virus in the oral vaccine can change into a form capable of causing polio infections. All the current cases that came from oral vaccines⁵ have been linked to a Type 2 virus contained in the vaccine. The Type 2 wild virus was eradicated⁷ years ago.

Polio, short for poliomyelitis, is a highly infectious disease. It spreads in water or food and usually affects children under the age of 5. About one in 200 infections leads to paralysis⁸. Among those, a small percentage die when their breathing muscles no longer work.

Last week, donors⁹ promised $2.6 billion to fight polio as part of a plan aimed at eradicating¹⁰ the disease by the year 2000. The plan was launched in 1988. Since then, numerous targets for defeating the disease have been missed.

To eradicate⁶ polio, more than 95 percent of a population needs to be vaccinated¹¹. For a long time, WHO and partners have depended on oral polio vaccines partly because production costs are low. In addition, the oral vaccines are easy to give, requiring only two drops per dose. Western countries use a more costly¹² injectable polio vaccine that contains an inactivated¹³ virus, one that cannot cause polio.

WHO officials work with the Independent Monitoring Board, or IMB, to measure polio eradication¹⁴. In a report this month, the IMB warned that polio virus from vaccines is "spreading uncontrolled in West Africa." The report said its spread raises important questions and problems for the eradication process.

Words in This Story

oral – adj. of or relating to the mouth

paralyze – v. to make a person or animal unable to move or feel all of part of the body

eradicate – v. to eliminate or destroy something harmful

dose – n. the amount of a medicine, drug, or vitamin that is taken at one time

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

4 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 eradicate   

v.根除，消灭，杜绝

参考例句：

• These insects are very difficult to eradicate.这些昆虫很难根除。
• They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.他们已经在努力消灭疟疾、破伤风等疾病。

7 eradicated   

画着根的

参考例句：

• Polio has been virtually eradicated in Brazil. 在巴西脊髓灰质炎实际上已经根除。
• The disease has been eradicated from the world. 这种疾病已在全世界得到根除。

8 paralysis   

n.麻痹(症)；瘫痪(症)

参考例句：

• The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。
• The paralysis affects his right leg and he can only walk with difficulty.他右腿瘫痪步履维艰。

9 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 eradicating   

摧毁，完全根除( eradicate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Objective: To study the acute and chronic toxicity of Ten-flavor-acne eradicating-capsule. 目的：探讨复方中药合剂十味平痤胶囊的急性及慢性毒性。
• We are on the verge of eradicating polio in the world. 我们已在世界消除小儿？痹症的边缘了。

11 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

12 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

13 inactivated   

v.使不活泼，阻止活动( inactivate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Molluscicides are quickly inactivated by sunlight and adsorption to mud organic matter. 灭螺剂因阳光作用、泥土及有机物质的吸收会很快失效。 来自辞典例句
• Viruses were inactivated by BPL and the toxicity measured again. BPL对病毒进行灭活，测定残存毒力。 来自互联网

14 eradication   

n.根除

参考例句：

• The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
• This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。