VOA慢速英语2019 特朗普宣布全国紧急状态修建边境墙

Trump¹ Declares National Emergency to Build the Wall

American President Donald Trump on Friday declared a national emergency so that he can get the money needed to build a wall along the nation’s border with Mexico.

美国总统川普周五宣布全国紧急状态，以便他能够获得沿墨西哥边境修建隔离墙所需的资金。

The move is seen as a way to go around Congress. It is sure to face opposition² from legislators.

此举被视为绕过国会的一种办法，它肯定会遭到议员们的反对。

Speaking from the White House, Trump said he is declaring the national emergency because of, in his words, “an invasion of our country with drugs, with human traffickers, with all types of criminals and gangs.”

川普在白宫发表讲话时表示，他将会宣布全国紧急状态，用他的话来说，是因为“毒品、人贩子以及各种犯罪分子和黑帮入侵美国。”

Trump added that he is planning to use money from the military and other parts of the government to pay for the building of the wall.

川普还说，他计划利用军方和政府其它部门的资金来支付修建隔离墙的费用。

As a presidential candidate, Trump often said that Mexico would pay for such a wall.

作为总统候选人，川普常说墨西哥会为这样一堵墙买单。

Acting³ White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney said the president “will have access to roughly $8 billion worth of money that can be used to secure the southern border.”

白宫代理办公厅主任马尔瓦尼表示，川普总统“将能获得大约80亿美元资金用于保护南部边境。”

Trump had demanded $5.7 billion for the wall. But Congress, which is powered with making spending decisions, only provided $1.4 billion for barriers.

川普曾要求获得57亿美元修建这道墙，但是负责做出开支决策的国会只为这道边境屏障提供了14亿美元。

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer quickly denounced the move as an “unlawful declaration over a crisis that does not exist.”

众议院议长佩洛西和参议院民主党领袖舒默很快谴责了川普的这一举动，称这是对“对一场不存在的危机非法宣布紧急状态。”

The two leaders released a joint⁴ statement while Trump was still giving his speech. They said, “The President’s actions clearly violate the Congress’s exclusive power of the purse, which our Founders⁵ enshrined in the Constitution. The Congress will defend our constitutional authorities in the Congress, in the Courts, and in the public, using every remedy available.”

这两位领导人发表了一份联合声明，当时川普还在发表演讲。他们表示：“总统的行为显然违反了国会对财源的专有权，这是我们的建国者写入宪法中的。国会将会采用各种措施，在国会、在法院、在公众场合捍卫我们的宪法权力。”

Trump admitted that his declaration of a national emergency will face opposition in the courts. He said, "Sadly, we'll be sued and sadly it will go through a process and happily we'll win."

川普承认他这次宣布全国紧急状态会在法庭上遭到反对。他说，“可悲的是，我们会被起诉，并且需要经历一个过程，但是高兴的是，我们会胜诉。”

National Emergency Act

全国紧急状态法案

The president defended his decision, saying other presidents have declared national emergencies in the past.

川普总统为自己的决定辩护，称其他总统过去都宣布过全国紧急状态。

In 1976, Congress passed the National Emergency Act, which gave presidents special powers during a crisis. Congress can end a state of emergency with a joint resolution and the president’s signature. If the president vetoes the resolution, Congress would need two-thirds of lawmakers to vote to end the declaration.

1976年，国会通过了《全国紧急状态法案》，赋予总统在危机期间的特殊权力。国会可以通过联合决议以及总统签字来结束紧急状态。如果总统否决该决议，国会将需要2/3的议员投票支持来结束紧急状态。

American presidents have declared national emergencies 59 times since 1976.

美国总统自1976年以来已经宣布了59次全国紧急状态。

President Jimmy Carter made the declaration as Iran took American hostages in 1979. Ronald Reagan used the power to ban trade with Nicaragua in 1985.

1979年伊朗劫持美国人质时，卡特总统宣布了全国紧急状态。里根总统在1985年动用这种权力禁止与尼加拉瓜贸易。

In 1990, President George H.W. Bush blocked financial dealings with Iraq. In 1996, Bill Clinton used the power after two airplanes were shot down near Cuba. George W. Bush declared a national emergency after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001.

1990年，老布什阻止了同伊拉克的金融协议。1996年，克林顿在两架飞机在古巴附近被击落后动用了这种权力。2001年9月11日发生恐怖袭击事件后，小布什宣布了全国紧急状态。

And President Barack Obama used the special power in 2011 to freeze the assets of Libyan leader Muammar Qadhafi.

奥巴马总统在2011年动用了这种特殊权力冻结了利比亚领导人卡扎菲的资产。

Trump has declared national emergencies three other times: in December 2017 against Myanmar generals for their part in the Rohingya refugee crisis; in September 2018 against persons related to Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election; and in November 2018 after the Nicaraguan government acted against protesters.

川普已经三次宣布全国紧急状态：2017年12月针对卷入罗兴亚难民危机的缅甸将军；2018年9月针对卷入俄罗斯干涉2016年美国总统大选的相关人士；以及2018年11月在尼加拉瓜政府对抗议者采取行动之后。

But until Friday, no American president in history had used the power to get additional money to pay for projects without the support of Congress.

但是直到这个周五，历史上还没有美国总统动用这一权力来获得额外资金，用于支付国会不支持的项目。

Words in This Story

secure - v. to make (something) safe by guarding or protecting it

enshrined - v. to remember and protect (someone or something that is valuable, admired, etc.)

purse - n. an amount of money that government has available to use

remedy - n. a way of solving or correcting a problem

sue - v. to bring a lawsuit against someone

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

3 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

4 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

5 founders   

n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
• The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句