VOA慢速英语2019--实地考察有助于学生学习吗？

Do Field Trips Help Students with Learning?

Trips to museums are part of many children's education in the United States. The American Alliance of Museums says museums receive about 55 million visits each year from students in school groups.

Many U.S. school systems are most concerned about students performing well on required math and science tests. Because of this, administrators¹ and teachers might not see the value of art-related museum field trips.

This is where Jay Greene comes in. He is a professor of education policy at the University of Arkansas. He and his research team are studying how attending cultural events help a student's education. The National Endowment for the Arts supports part of their research.

Greene told VOA that his team wanted to learn how a single trip to an art museum affects a student. For this study, he and his team looked at 11,000 students.

"...And we found that students who visited an art museum were more tolerant, more empathetic, and also learned a lot of content about the art they saw and developed stronger critical thinking skills about art."

Greene explained that after one visit to the art museum, students averaged an eight percentile improvement on tolerance² and empathy. He calls that a "moderate effect," but "impressive," considering that it was after just one visit to the art museum.

Melissa Reyes is with Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas. The museum has been involved with Greene's studies. Since 2012, the museum has had nearly 300,000 students come to visit. It also sends teaching artists to local classrooms.

Reyes said she agrees with Greene's findings on the effects of museum trips. She added that the greatest effect appears to be for students in rural areas, minority students and those who attend high-poverty schools.

Greene's researchers also examined how going to a live theater performance can affect students. This study involved a small number of subjects – about 1,500 students from 40 schools. The students were also older. They all lived in northwest Arkansas.

Green said his team found that students who saw a live performance "experienced improvement in tolerance and empathy."

A different group of students watched a movie version of the same play. Greene said they did not experience the same results as those who went to the live theater. The students who saw the live performance learned the story and related vocabulary better than those who watched the movie version, he said.

"So we think that there's something special about in-person cultural experiences that are different than simply digital experiences of those of those same stories."

Greene's team is now carrying out longer-term studies, in which they are following students over many years. He has already seen some promising³ results among students who have been visiting the Woodruff Arts Center in Atlanta, Georgia.

"Our most surprising result is that we saw improvements in math and reading test score performance for students in Atlanta after they went on multiple enriching field trips. We think that again that has to do with improving their motivation."

Greene says that the fact they did well on the tests "suggests that motivation is a very important part of success in school." This is true for students of all ages.

Students' behavior in school also improved. Greene thinks part of that may be because they were doing something fun in school.

"Because if the school doesn't do it for kids from more disadvantaged backgrounds, then it's possible these kids won't get much exposure to the arts at all."

And that, he says, may hurt their future.

Combining the arts and STEM fields

Some museums, like Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas, are looking for ways to offer new programs for schools.

Melissa Reyes said that, in addition to their usual arts field trips, the museum also offers "STEM-based tours." STEM stands for science, technology, engineering and math—areas of great concern to many schools. Reyes explained that these tours look at connections "between art and science, art and math, and art and architecture."

She said, "these experiences complement⁴ learning goals in both the arts and the STEM categories."

Words in This Story

museum – n. a building in which interesting and valuable things (such as paintings and sculptures or scientific or historical objects) are collected and shown to the public

tolerant – adj. willing to accept feelings, habits, or beliefs that are different from your own

empathetic – adj. showing an ability to understand and share feelings of another

percentile – n. one of 100 equal parts that a group of people can be divided into in order to rank them

digital – adj. using or characterized by computer technology

multiple – adj. more than one

enriching – v. to improve the quality of something or to make something better

motivation – n. the act or process of giving someone a reason for doing something-- the act or process of motivating someone

exposure – n. the fact or condition of being affected⁵ by something or experiencing something

architecture – n. the art or science of designing and creating buildings

categories – n. plural a group of people or things that are similar in some way

1 administrators   

n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 )；有管理（或行政）才能的人；（由遗嘱检验法庭指定的）遗产管理人；奉派暂管主教教区的牧师

参考例句：

• He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself. 他手下有管理人员，但重要的决策仍由他自己来做。 来自辞典例句
• Administrators have their own methods of social intercourse. 办行政的人有他们的社交方式。 来自汉英文学 - 围城

2 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

3 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

4 complement   

n.补足物，船上的定员；补语；vt.补充，补足

参考例句：

• The two suggestions complement each other.这两条建议相互补充。
• They oppose each other also complement each other.它们相辅相成。

5 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。