VOA慢速英语2020--老挝希望改善发展状况

Laos is one of 47 nations on the list of United Nations' Least Developed Countries.

The Southeast Asian country is hoping to move up from the list in the coming year. But experts fear the coronavirus health crisis and increasing debt to China may prevent Laos from reaching its goal.

The United Nations' Least Developed Countries, or LDC, are low-income countries which are at risk for economic and environmental shock. These countries receive additional international aid and trade support. Every three years, a U.N. committee reviews the countries' progress to decide their position on the list.

In February, the committee will meet to decide if Laos is ready to move up, or graduate. The move will shrink international aid and trade support. But it will bring more foreign investment and low-interest loans to the country. This could help Laos grow economically.

Laos has made graduation from the list an important policy goal for years. In 2018, the country met two of the three measures of progress: higher income for its people and increase in health, education and the ability to read in its population. It failed to meet the third measure, risk of shocks to the economy.

The unknowns

Experts who follow Laos closely told VOA that Laos is likely to meet the same two measures at its second review this coming February. If it does, Laos could move up from its Least Developed Country position by 2024.

There is a risk Laos will not pass the third measure of progress. The country has not invested much in its workers and it depends on only a few industries.

Matthew Johnson-Idan is a high-level U.N. economist¹ in Laos. He said, "Based purely² on those three criteria³ I'd say it's very likely that Laos will be above the line on at least two if not all three of the criteria." There are, however, other things the study will consider, such as the effect of the coronavirus health crisis in the country.

The committee will only review information up to 2019, before COVID-19. However, the committee will also look at the health crisis' social and economic effects on Laos.

COVID-19 has officially infected only 24 people in Laos and killed none. But the lockdowns at home and other countries have hit Laos' economy hard. The World Bank estimates that Laos' gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate will drop from an average of about 7 percent over the past 10 years to 1 percent or less in 2020.

High debt

Among other considerations are the nation's debt and relations to its neighbors.

A small country of 7.2 million people, Laos is surrounded by China, Vietnam and Thailand. It has been dependent on trade with its neighbors, three of the strongest economies in Asia.

The World Bank estimates that Laos' debt could climb to 68 percent of its gross domestic product this year, most of it owed to China for several large building projects. In August, the U.S. ratings agency Moody's warned that Laos might not be able to pay its debts "in the near term."

Imogen Page-Jarrett is with the research firm Economist Intelligence Unit. She said, "If they're using just the traditional three criteria then Laos will pass the review. But there is a risk that it would not now because they're using this additional criteria."

Words in This Story

least – adj. smallest in amount or degree

criteria – n. something that is used as a reason for making a judgment⁴ or decision

lockdown – n. a temporary state of restricted movement or activity

gross domestic product (GDP) - n. the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year

1 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

2 purely   

adv.纯粹地，完全地

参考例句：

• I helped him purely and simply out of friendship.我帮他纯粹是出于友情。
• This disproves the theory that children are purely imitative.这证明认为儿童只会单纯地模仿的理论是站不住脚的。

3 criteria   

n.标准

参考例句：

• The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
• There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

4 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。