Second Promising COVID-19 Vaccine from Moderna

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health and Lifestyle Report.

The American drug-maker Moderna reported Monday that its experimental vaccine¹ is 94.5 percent effective in preventing COVID-19. It is the second American drug-maker in recent days to report promising² news from early results of a vaccine candidate.

Last Monday, Pfizer and its German partner BioNTech announced that its experimental COVID-19 vaccine is more than 90 percent effective.

The companies reported no serious safety concerns from early results. Both said they would seek emergency use authorization³ from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the coming weeks. The agency requires a vaccine be at least 50 percent effective for emergency use.

The two drug-makers said they could have as many as 70 million vaccine treatments ready in 2020 with the FDA's emergency approval. Pfizer and BioNTech also reported they could produce up to 1.3 billion treatments in 2021. Moderna said it could have 1 billion available next year.

Dr. Stephen Hoge is president of the Massachusetts-based Moderna. He said having similar results from two different companies is reassuring⁴.

"That should give us all hope that actually a vaccine is going to be able to stop this pandemic and hopefully get us back to our lives," Hoge told The Associated Press. He added, "It won't be Moderna alone that solves this problem. It's going to require many vaccines⁵."

Dr. Anthony Fauci is the top infectious diseases expert in the U.S. He told NBC News, "Now we have two vaccines that are really quite effective. So I think this is a really strong step forward to where we want to be about getting control of this outbreak."

Moderna study results

Moderna said in a statement that the early results came from a large Phase 3 study it carried out with the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

The study showed 95 cases of infection among its 30,000 volunteers. Only five cases came from the group that received the experimental vaccine. The other 90 came from a group that received a placebo⁶ – a shot with an inactive substance. The study also showed that 11 cases of severe COVID-19 infection happened in the placebo group while no severe cases were reported from the group that received the vaccine.

Most side effects from the experimental vaccine were mild to moderate. A large number of volunteers, however, experienced more severe body aches and pains after receiving the second of the two-shot treatment. Moderna noted⁷ those side effects were "generally short-lived."

An independent group of scientists called the Data Safety Monitoring Board examined the study and informed Moderna of the results. The full results, however, have not been released or published in scientific papers.

New technology mRNA

Both Moderna's and Pfizer's vaccine candidates use a new technology known as messenger RNA, or mRNA. Traditional vaccines usually contain an inactive or weakened virus. mRNA vaccines do not contain the coronavirus itself.

To make a mRNA vaccine, scientists create a genetic⁸ material that directs the human body to produce antibodies that can recognize and destroy the new coronavirus.

Moderna's vaccine has one advantage over Pfizer's; it does not need extreme-cold storage. This makes it easier to transport. Moderna says the vaccine can be kept at temperatures of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius⁹ for 30 days. And it can be stored for up to 6 months at minus-20 degrees Celsius. Pfizer's vaccine must be shipped and stored at minus-70 degrees Celsius. That is about the temperature of an Antarctic winter.

The World Health Organization (WHO) says there are 11 COVID-19 vaccine candidates currently carrying out Phase 3 trials around the world.

Countries such as China and Russia have already begun vaccinations¹⁰. Two days after Pfizer's announcement, Russia said its own vaccine Sputnik-V was 92 percent effective based on 20 infections in its large trial.

Johns Hopkins University's Coronavirus Resource Center reports that the coronavirus has infected nearly 55 million people around the world. More than 1.3 million people have died.

And that's the Health and Lifestyle Report.

Words in This Story

authorization - n. permission or official approval

reassuring - adj. making someone feel less afraid or doubtful

pandemic - n. an occurrence in which a disease spreads very quickly and affects a large number of people throughout the world

outbreak - n. a sudden start or increase of disease

phase - n. a step in the process

advantage - n. a good or desirable quality or feature

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

3 authorization   

n.授权，委任状

参考例句：

• Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
• You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。

4 reassuring   

a.使人消除恐惧和疑虑的，使人放心的

参考例句：

• He gave her a reassuring pat on the shoulder. 他轻拍了一下她的肩膀让她放心。
• With a reassuring pat on her arm, he left. 他鼓励地拍了拍她的手臂就离开了。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 placebo   

n.安慰剂；宽慰话

参考例句：

• The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
• The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

8 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

9 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

10 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》