VOA慢速英语2020 巴西和土耳其将采用中国新冠疫苗

Turkey and Brazil are among the countries hard hit with coronavirus infections. Both are moving forward with plans to use an unproven COVID-19 vaccine¹ developed by China's Sinovac Biotech.

土耳其和巴西是新冠病毒感染最严重的国家之一。这两个国家都在计划使用中国科兴生物技术公司开发的未经证实的新冠疫苗。

The vaccine, called CoronaVac, is currently carrying out its Phase 3 trials.

这种名为克尔来福的疫苗目前正在进行第3阶段试验。

Turkish Health Minister Fahrettin Koca announced a vaccine plan that includes the CoronaVac. The country has an agreement with Sinovac for 50 million shots. The first shipment of the vaccines² will arrive in Turkey after December 11.

土耳其卫生部长法赫雷丁·科卡宣布了一项包含克尔来福在内的疫苗计划。该国与科兴公司签订了一项购买5000万剂疫苗的协议。首批疫苗将于12月11日抵达土耳其。

Koca said early use approval would be given to the vaccine after Turkish laboratories confirm its safety and after early results from Phase 3 trials are examined.

科卡表示，在土耳其实验室确认其安全性并且第3阶段试验的早期结果经过审核之后，土耳其将会批准该疫苗的早期使用。

"If developments continue positively³ as we expect, Turkey would be among the first countries in the world to begin vaccinations⁴ in the early phase," Koca said.

科卡表示：“如果事态发展继续如我们所预期的那样积极，土耳其将成为世界上首批接种早期阶段疫苗的国家之一。”

The Butantan Institute biomedical center in Brazil's Sao Paulo state received 1 million shots of the CoronaVac. It was the second shipment of the vaccine. The first shipment of 120,000 shots arrived from China on November 19.

位于巴西圣保罗州的布坦坦研究所生物医学中心收到了100万剂克尔来福。这是第二批运输的疫苗。首批12万剂疫苗已于11月19日从中国运抵。

The vaccine still needs approval from Brazil's federal health agency Anvisa before it can be used. Butantan said it expected Sinovac to publish results for the treatment by December 15.

这种疫苗在使用之前仍然需要获得巴西联邦卫生机构巴西国家卫生监督管理局的批准。布坦坦研究所表示，预计中国科兴公司将在12月15日前公布疫苗结果。

Sao Paulo Governor Joao Doria said his state expects to receive 6 million shots of the vaccine by the end of December and another 40 million by the middle of January.

圣保罗州州长若昂·多里亚表示，该州预计会在12月底之前收到600万剂疫苗，到1月中旬前收到另外4000万剂疫苗。

What is CoronaVac

多尔来福是什么？

The CoronaVac vaccine treatment requires two shots. It is a so-called "inactivated⁵ vaccine." Such vaccines are made by growing the whole virus in a laboratory and then killing⁶ it. Safely growing and then killing the virus can take longer than newer technologies used to develop vaccines. But inactivated vaccines help the body prepare for the virus itself rather than just the single spike⁷ protein that lets the virus enter the body.

多尔来福疫苗接种需要打两针。这是一种所谓的灭活疫苗。这种疫苗是通过在实验室培养整个病毒然后将其灭活而制成的。与开发疫苗使用的新技术相比，安全培养病毒然后灭活所需的时间更长。但是灭活疫苗有助于身体为这种病毒做好准备，而不仅仅是让这种病毒进入体内的单刺突蛋白。

Last month, The Lancet medical papers published a study about the effectiveness of Sinovac's vaccine candidate based on early Phase 1 and Phase 2 trials. The study said the efficacy was found to be moderate. It also said the vaccine produced lower levels of antibodies than the levels of antibodies that have been found in recovered COVID-19 patients.

上个月，《柳叶刀》医学杂志发表了一项关于中国科兴公司候选疫苗有效性的研究，它是基于该疫苗早期第一阶段和第二阶段试验的结果。该研究表示，研究发现其有效性是适度的。它还表示，该疫苗产生的抗体水平低于已康复新冠肺炎患者体内发现的抗体水平。

"The protective efficacy of CoronaVac remains⁸ to be determined," the study said.

该研究表示：“多尔来福的免疫效果还有待确认。”

Vaccine candidates from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are reported to have nearly 95 percent efficacy rates. Britain's AstraZeneca says its vaccine has an efficacy rate of 70 to 90 percent, based on limited human trials.

据报道，辉瑞和BioNTech公司联合开发的候选疫苗以及莫德纳公司的候选疫苗有接近95%的有效率。英国阿斯利康公司表示，根据有限的人体试验，其疫苗的有效率为70%到90%。

Hard-hit countries

疫情重灾区

Both Turkey and Brazil are experiencing huge rises in infections, hospitalizations and deaths. The daily number of infections in Turkey hit a record high of 31,923 on December 2. Those numbers put Turkey among the worst-hit places in the world.

土耳其和巴西在感染、住院和死亡人数方面都在大幅提升。土耳其的每日感染人数在12月2日达到了创历史新高的31923人。这些数字使得土耳其成为世界上疫情最严重的地区之一。

Brazil is behind only the United States and India in total case numbers, with over 6.4 million recorded infections and 175,000 deaths. Sao Paulo is the hardest-hit state in the country.

巴西的总病例仅次于美国和印度，该国记录在案的感染人数超过了640万人，死亡人数17. 5万人。圣保罗是该国疫情最严重的州。

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

3 positively   

adv.明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

参考例句：

• She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
• The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。

4 vaccinations   

n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤

参考例句：

• Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 inactivated   

v.使不活泼，阻止活动( inactivate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Molluscicides are quickly inactivated by sunlight and adsorption to mud organic matter. 灭螺剂因阳光作用、泥土及有机物质的吸收会很快失效。 来自辞典例句
• Viruses were inactivated by BPL and the toxicity measured again. BPL对病毒进行灭活，测定残存毒力。 来自互联网

6 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

7 spike   

n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效

参考例句：

• The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
• They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。

8 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。