VOA慢速英语2020 美原住民与波利尼西亚人早有接触

A new study shows that there was mixing between ancient native peoples from Polynesia and South America.

一项新研究表明，来自波利尼西亚和南美洲的古老土著民族之间存在接触。

Researchers say they found a single episode of the two groups interbreeding around 800 years ago after a long trip across the Pacific Ocean.

研究人员称，他们发现这两个民族在800年前的一次横跨太平洋的长途旅行中通婚。

For a long time, the question of such contact had been debated among scientists. The contact was theorized partly because of the presence of a kind of sweet potato in the islands of Polynesia. The plant is native to South and Central America.

长期以来，科学家们一直围绕这种接触的问题争论已久。这种接触被理论化的部分原因是波利尼西亚群岛上出现了一种甘薯。这种植物原产于南美洲和中美洲。

Scientists said last week that an examination of DNA¹ from 807 people made the results clear. The genetic² material came from 14 Polynesian islands and Pacific coastal³ Native American populations from Mexico to Chile.

科学家们上周表示，对807人的DNA检测结果十分清楚。这些基因物质来自14个波利尼西亚群岛和从墨西哥到智利的太平洋沿岸美洲原住民。

People from four island areas in French Polynesia had DNA that showed interbreeding with South Americans at around the year 1200. Those South Americans were most closely related to present-day native Colombians.

法属波利尼西亚四座岛屿地区的人们的基因显示，大约在公元1200年，与南美洲人进行了异血缘交配。这些南美人与现今的哥伦比亚原住民关系最为密切。

The islands are about 6,800 kilometers from South America.

这些岛屿距离南美洲约6800公里。

People from Easter Island also had South American ancestry⁴, some from modern Chilean immigrants and some from the same ancient mixing as the other islands.

来自复活节岛的人也有南美血统，一些来自现代智利移民，有些来自与其他岛屿相同的古老混杂地区。

Easter Island, which belongs to Chile, was settled sometime after the interbreeding 800 years ago. The island, which lies 3,700 kilometers west of South America, is known for its massive stone statues.

在公元800年前进行了异血缘交配后，他们开始定居在智利的复活节岛上。该岛位于南美洲西部3700公里处，因其巨大的石像而闻名。

The study left open the question of who crossed the Pacific Ocean. Were Polynesians traveling east and arriving in Colombia or maybe Ecuador? Or were South Americans traveling west?

这项研究没有回答究竟是哪一方横渡了太平洋。波利尼西亚人是向东航行到达哥伦比亚或是厄瓜多尔？还是南美人向西航行?

Alexander Ioannidis is a computational geneticist at Stanford University in California. He was the lead author of the research, which appears in the science journal Nature.

亚历山大·约阿纳迪斯（Alexander Ioannidis）是加州斯坦福大学的计算遗传学家。他是这项研究的首席作者，该研究发表在科学杂志《自然》上。

Ioannadis says he thinks the Polynesians crossed the Pacific, since they were "exploring the ocean and discovering some of the most distant Pacific islands around exactly the time of contact." The Reuters news agency reported his comments.

约阿纳迪斯表示，他认为波利尼西亚人横渡了太平洋，因为他们“在探索海洋的过程中，发现了一些最遥远的太平洋岛屿，而发现这些岛屿的时间恰好与双方接触的时间一致。”路透社报道了他的评论。

If the Polynesians reached the Americas, he added, they probably traveled in sailing canoes with two hulls⁶. He noted⁷ these boats operate much like a modern catamaran, another kind of two-hulled boat.

他补充说，如果波利尼西亚人到达了美洲，他们很可能是乘坐带有两个船体的独木舟航行的。他指出，这些船操作起来很像现代双体船。

The contact explains the mystery of how the sweet potato arrived in Polynesia centuries before European sailors. Ioannidis noted the vegetable's name in many Polynesian languages - kumara - sounds similar to its name in some languages spoken in the Andes Mountains.

这种接触解开了甘薯如何比欧洲水手早数个世纪到达波利尼西亚的谜团。约阿纳迪斯注意到，这种作物在许多波利尼西亚语言中的名字为库马拉——发音与安第斯山脉的某些语言中的甘薯的发音相似。

Words in This Story

episode - n. an event or a short period of time that is important or unusual

interbreed - v. to breed or cause to breed with another of a different race or species

theorize - v. to think of or suggest ideas about what is possibly true or real : to form or suggest a theory about something

DNA - n. a substance that carries genetic information in the cells of plants and animals — often used before another noun

author - n. a person who has written something

hull⁵ - n. the main body of a boat or ship, including the bottom, sides, and deck but not the masts and other parts

1 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

2 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

3 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

4 ancestry   

n.祖先，家世

参考例句：

• Their ancestry settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
• He is an American of French ancestry.他是法国血统的美国人。

5 hull   

n.船身；(果、实等的)外壳；vt.去(谷物等)壳

参考例句：

• The outer surface of ship's hull is very hard.船体的外表面非常坚硬。
• The boat's hull has been staved in by the tremendous seas.小船壳让巨浪打穿了。

6 hulls   

船体( hull的名词复数 )； 船身； 外壳； 豆荚

参考例句：

• Hulls may be removed by aspiration on screens. 脱下的种皮，可由筛子上的气吸装置吸除。
• When their object is attained they fall off like empty hulls from the kernel. 当他们的目的达到以后，他们便凋谢零落，就象脱却果实的空壳一样。

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。