VOA慢速英语--缺少雨水给依赖科罗拉多河的州带来了压力

Lack of Rain Puts Pressure on States that Depend on the Colorado River

The U.S. government has predicted that an important river in the American West will have a water shortage.

The Bureau of Reclamation¹ recently declared the first shortage on the Colorado River. The announcement means Arizona, Nevada and also Mexico will get less water than normal next year.

The Colorado River supplies Lake Powell and Lake Mead² which is the largest man-made lake in the U.S. The lakes have been hard hit by drought in the past 30 years. The Colorado River supplies 40 million people with water.

Both lakes have decreased to historic lows. The lakes currently have a combined capacity of 39 percent, down from 49 percent at this time last year, the Bureau of Reclamation said.

The seven U.S. states that depend on the Colorado River agreed to a drought plan in 2019 to help support the lakes by reducing water use. All agree more needs to be done and are discussing what will replace a set of guidelines for the river and the drought plan. Both the guidelines and the drought plan end in 2026.

The water level on Lake Mead serves as a measure for how much river water some Western U.S. states get, including Arizona, Nevada and California.

By 2025, there is a 66 percent chance Lake Mead will reach a level where California would face cuts in water for a second time.

Lake Powell, on the Arizona-Utah border, is the guide for Colorado, New Mexico, Wyoming and Utah. Those states cover an area known as the upper basin.

Smaller lakes upstream of Lake Powell have been releasing water so Lake Powell can continue producing hydropower. But any increase from the releases is not included into the five-year estimates, the Bureau of Reclamation said.

Wayne Pullan is the bureau's director for the upper basin. In a statement, Pullan described the latest estimates for Lake Powell as "troubling."

The U.S. federal government has also formed a working group to consider the issue.

The Bureau of Reclamation's five-year estimates are meant to help water officials plan by using the best available information, said Jacklynn Gould.

Gould oversees³ the lower basin for the Bureau of Reclamation. Its August estimates are what decide how much water states can use.

The agency says there is a 22 percent chance that Lake Mead will drop to 304 meters above sea level in 2025. Federal officials have said water would become unavailable to states downstream at 272 meters above sea level.

Words in This Story

drought – n. a long period of time during which there is very little or no rain

capacity – n. the ability to hold or contain people or things — usually singular

upstream – adv. in the direction opposite to the flow in a stream, river, etc. : toward the source of a stream, river, etc.

hydropower – n. electricity produced from machines that are run by moving water

unavailable – adj. not possible to get or use

1 reclamation   

n.开垦；改造；（废料等的）回收

参考例句：

• We should encourage reclamation and recycling.我们应当鼓励废物的回收和利用。
• The area is needed for a land reclamation project.一个土地开垦项目要在这一地区进行。

2 mead   

n.蜂蜜酒

参考例句：

• He gave me a cup of mead.他给我倒了杯蜂蜜酒。
• He drank some mead at supper.晚饭时他喝了一些蜂蜜酒。

3 oversees   

v.监督，监视( oversee的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• She oversees both the research and the manufacturing departments. 她既监督研究部门又监督生产部门。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Department of Education oversees the federal programs dealing with education. 教育部监管处理教育的联邦程序。 来自互联网