VOA慢速英语2021 孟加拉国的村庄承受气候变化带来的恶果

Adbus Satter lives in Bonnotola in southwesternBangladesh.

阿德布斯·萨特住在孟加拉国西南部的邦诺托拉。

The small seaside village was once home to 2,000 people.

曾经有2000人住在这个海滨小村。

Most of them were farmers, like Satter.

他们中的大多数人像萨特一样是农民。

But rising seas poisoned the soil with salt water.

但不断上升的海平面导致土壤被海水污染。

Two major storms in the last two years destroyed the mud barriers that protected the villagefrom the sea.

过去两年里的两次大风暴摧毁了保护村庄免受海水侵袭的泥堤。

Today, only 480 people remain.

如今，只剩下480人。

The effects of global warming are destroying parts of Bangladesh, said MohammadShamsuddoha.

穆罕默德·沙姆苏多哈说，全球变暖的影响正在摧毁孟加拉国的部分地区。

He is the head of the non-profit Center for Participatory Research Development.

他是非营利组织参与式研究发展中心的负责人。

"It's a grave¹ concern for a country like Bangladesh," he said.

他说：“对于像孟加拉国这样的国家来说，这是一个严重的问题。”

He added that studies show some 30 million people may be forced to leave the country'scoastal communities.

他还说，研究显示，大约3000万人可能会被迫离开该国的沿海社区。

This week, world leaders are gathered in Glasgow Scotland², for a United Nations climateconference.

本周，世界各国领导人齐聚苏格兰格拉斯哥，参加联合国气候大会。

Countries like Bangladesh are pressing for more financial support to deal with the effects ofclimate change.

诸如孟加拉国这样的国家正在施压，要求提供更多的财政支持，以应对气候变化的影响。

A long-held promise for rich countries to give poor countries $100 billion each year to move toclean energy and deal with climate change has not been kept.

长期以来，富裕国家承诺每年向贫穷国家提供1000亿美元，用于发展清洁能源和应对气候变化，但这一承诺并未兑现。

Even the $80 billion that has been given is not enough to make much of a difference.

即使是已经提供的800亿美元也不足以产生太大的影响。

Salt in soil has increased by 26 percent over the past 35 years.

在过去的35年里，土壤中的盐分增加了26%。

In 1973, 833,000 hectares of land were poisoned by sea water.

1973年，83.3万公顷土地被海水污染。

Areas of fresh water were also poisoned.

淡水地区也被污染。

This grew to 1.02 million hectares in 2000, and 1.056 million hectares in 2009, reportsBangladesh's Soil Resources Development Institute.

孟加拉国土壤资源开发研究所的报告称，2000年和2009年，这一数字分别增长到102万公顷和105.6万公顷。

At Bonbibi Tola village, women gather daily at a well to collect water for cooking and drinking.

在邦比比托拉村，妇女们每天都聚集在一口井前取水做饭和饮用。

The women walk up to 4 kilometers to get the water.

她们要走到4公里远的地方取水。

But that will soon end.

但这种情况很快就会结束。

Wells in the area only have fresh water in the months after yearly³ heavy rains.

该地区的水井只有在每年大雨后的几个月才有淡水。

In the summer, fresh water is difficult to find, said one of the women, Maheswari Halder.

其中一名妇女马赫瓦里·哈尔德说，在夏天，很难找到淡水。

"This is the fate⁴ we all surrender⁵ to," she said.

她说：“我们所有人都屈从于这种命运。”

The villages lie in Bangladesh's southwestern Shyamnagar area.

这些村庄位于孟加拉国西南部的什亚姆纳加尔地区。

The area is home to 400,000 people.

该地区有40万人。

Officials say the government does not have the money to build desalination⁶ factories.

官员们表示，政府没有资金建设海水淡化工厂。

"The area needs maybe 500 desalination plants. But we've only got 50 or so," said AlamgirKabir, head of a local organization.

当地一个组织的负责人阿拉姆吉尔·卡比尔说：“该地区大约需要500个海水淡化工厂。但我们只有50个左右。”

Between 2000 and 2009, only six countries in the world were more affected⁷ by climate changethan Bangladesh.

2000年至2009年间，世界上只有6个国家比孟加拉国受气候变化的影响更大。

That information comes from the 2021 Climate Change Performance Index⁸, by the nonprofitgroup Germanwatch.

这些信息来自非营利组织“德国观察”发布的《2021年气候变化绩效指数报告》。

Bangladesh cannot pay for the costs of climate change on its own.

孟加拉国无法独自承担气候变化的代价。

And it should not have to, says Abdul Kalam Azad.

阿卜杜尔·卡拉姆·阿扎德表示，它不应该必须这样做。

He is the country's special representative to the Climate Vulnerable⁹ Forum¹⁰.

他是该国出席“易受气候影响脆弱国家论坛”的特别代表。

The group is made up of countries most at risk from the effects of climate change.

该论坛由受气候变化影响最大的国家组成。

Bangladesh has done far less to damage the Earth's atmosphere than larger industrializedcountries.

孟加拉国对地球大气层的破坏远远小于较大的工业化国家。

Yet Bangladesh is being badly hurt, Azad said.

然而，阿扎德说，孟加拉国正受到严重伤害。

In a speech Monday at the U.N. climate meeting, Bangladesh's Prime¹¹ Minister Sheikh Hasinasaid the large industrial countries that have caused most climate change should pay for thedamage.

孟加拉国总理谢赫·哈西娜星期一在联合国气候大会上发表讲话说，造成大部分气候变化的工业大国应该承担损失。

The 2015 Paris climate agreement said that countries should address "loss and damage" due toclimate change.

2015年通过的巴黎气候协议称，各国应解决由气候变化造成的“损失和损害”。

But countries such as the United States are concerned that they might be held legallyresponsible for the effects of a century of carbon emissions¹².

但美国等国家担心，他们可能要为一个世纪以来的碳排放所造成的影响承担法律责任。

1 grave   

n.墓穴，坟墓，雕刻工，抑音；adj.庄重的，严肃的，重大的，低沉的；vt.雕刻

参考例句：

• Marriage is the grave of love.婚姻是爱情的坟墓。
• This is a very grave matter indeed.这问题的确非常严重。

2 Scotland   

n.苏格兰

参考例句：

• He has been hiking round Scotland for a month.他围着苏格兰徒步旅行了一个月。
• Scotland is to the north of England.苏格兰在英格兰之北。

3 yearly   

adj.每年的，一年一度的；adv.一年一次地

参考例句：

• The flower show is a yearly event in our town.我们镇上的花展一年举行一次。
• The yearly rental of her house is 2400 yuan.她这房子年租金是2400元。

4 fate   

n.命运；结局，结果；将来，前景

参考例句：

• The Titanic met her fate by crashing into a huge iceberg.泰坦尼克号客轮因撞上一个大冰山而沉没。
• Your future is bound up with the fate of your motherland.你的前途同祖国的命运紧密相联。

5 surrender   

v.投降，自首；屈服；交出，放弃

参考例句：

• He preferred to die rather than surrender to the enemy.他宁死也不愿向敌人投降。
• Liu Hulan would rather die than surrender before the enemy.刘胡兰在敌人面前宁死不屈。

6 desalination   

n.脱盐(作用)

参考例句：

• Crops can be grown on this land after desalination. 这片土地经过脱盐就可以种植庄稼了。
• One source is by desalination-taking the salt out of salt water to make it drinkable. 淡水的来源之一是使水淡化--把含盐的水中的盐份去掉，使之能够饮用。

7 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

8 index   

n.食指；索引；标志；指数；v.把...编索引

参考例句：

• Performonce is an index of ability.成绩是能力的标志。
• Manner of walking gives an index to one's charactor.走路的姿态可反应出人的性格。

9 vulnerable   

adj.易受伤的，脆弱的，易受攻击的

参考例句：

• He volunteered to protect her as she looked so vulnerable.她看上去很脆弱，他就主动去保护她。
• The company is in an economically vulnerable position.该公司目前经济状况不稳定。

10 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

11 prime   

adj.首要的，主要的；最好的，第一流的

参考例句：

• The prime minister spoke of the general insecurity in the country.总理谈到了全国普遍存在的不安全。
• He met with the Prime Minister of Japan for an hour.他和日本首相会见了一个小时。

12 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。