VOA慢速英语--研究人员尝试不用橡木桶酿造威士忌

Making Whiskey without Oak Barrels, How Does It Taste?

Martin Janousek and Stu Aaron make whiskey in a small lab in California's Silicon¹ Valley. Whiskey is a sort of alcoholic² drink that is made from fermented⁴ grains.

Usually, whiskey is aged⁵ in barrels made from the wood of an oak tree. But in this lab, there are no barrels. Instead, they are using scientific equipment like syringes, beakers, and vials. They are doing this to find a more environmentally friendly way to make whiskey.

"This modern consumer – they tend to care about causes like climate change," said Aaron, co-founder and chief commercial officer of Menlo Park-based Bespoken⁶ Spirits.

The alcoholic drink spends three to five days in a small, metal barrel. The company's technology speeds up oxidation, or a process where oxygen is introduced to a mixture. This changes the taste of the whiskey.

A small piece of wood from an oak tree, no larger than the size of a small finger, is introduced in this process. The whiskey takes on the color, smell, and taste of the wood while it spends the time in the metal barrel.

They lightly burn the oak wood in the lab before cutting it into small pieces known as microstaves. Microstaves are about 1/25,000th the size of a traditional barrel. Janousek is a material scientist and company co-founder. He said this permits them to use 97 percent less wood.

By getting rid of the barrels completely, they can avoid cutting down trees as well as the cost of storing barrels for years in climate-controlled conditions.

Because of the short amount of time their whiskey ages, Bespoken does not lose liquid to evaporation⁷. This lost liquid is known as the "angel's share." Aaron said this permits them to use 20 percent less water.

The Bespoken team runs samples in a gas chromatograph when making the whiskey. This process splits the gas into its basic parts, permitting them to know its chemical identity. Knowing its chemical identity permits them to create unique ways the drink can be used and to follow tastes, like vanilla⁸.

Michael Kudra is a top bartender at Quince in San Francisco. He said the many tastes found in whiskey is why he prefers the drink. At Reuters' request, Kudra tasted the Bespoken Spirits whiskey.

He said he clearly senses the alcohol. Then the rich taste of the deep brown color comes "right away." He then added "that alcohol starts burning your tongue." Kudra said that the whiskey would be better if it has other products added to it. A drink called a whiskey sour has egg white added to it and he said this sort of drink could cut down on the sharp notes of alcohol and bring out the whiskey notes.

Words in This Story

ferment³ – v. to go through a chemical change that results in the production of alcohol

barrel – n. a round usually wooden container with curved sides and flat ends

consumer – n. a person who buys goods and services

tend – v. used to describe what often happens or what someone often does or is likely to do

tongue – n. the soft, movable part in the mouth that is used for tasting and eating food and in human beings for speaking

1 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

2 alcoholic   

adj.（含）酒精的，由酒精引起的；n.酗酒者

参考例句：

• The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
• Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。

3 ferment   

vt.使发酵；n./vt.（使）激动，（使）动乱

参考例句：

• Fruit juices ferment if they are kept a long time.果汁若是放置很久，就会发酵。
• The sixties were a time of theological ferment.六十年代是神学上骚动的时代。

4 fermented   

v.（使）发酵( ferment的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）激动；骚动；骚扰

参考例句：

• When wine is fermented, it gives off gas. 酒发酵时发出气泡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His speeches fermented trouble among the workers. 他的演讲在工人中引起骚动。 来自辞典例句

5 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

6 bespoken   

v.预定( bespeak的过去分词 )；订（货）；证明；预先请求

参考例句：

• We have bespoken three tickets for tomorrow. 我们已经预定了三张明天的票。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• We have bespoken two tickets for tomorrow. 我们已预订两张明天的票。 来自互联网

7 evaporation   

n.蒸发，消失

参考例句：

• Be careful not to lose too much liquid by evaporation.小心不要因蒸发失去太多水分。
• Our bodies can sweat,thereby losing heat by evaporation.我们的身体能出汗，由此可以蒸发散热。

8 vanilla   

n.香子兰，香草

参考例句：

• He used to love milk flavoured with vanilla.他过去常爱喝带香草味的牛奶。
• I added a dollop of vanilla ice-cream to the pie.我在馅饼里加了一块香草冰激凌。