VOA慢速英语2021 美国天主教担忧强生新冠疫苗的道德问题

The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops² released a statement this week about the recently approved COVID-19 vaccine³ from Johnson & Johnson. It said American Catholics should avoid getting the Johnson & Johnson vaccine if possible, but that it is "morally acceptable" to receive it if no other choice is available.

美国天主教主教会议本周发表了一份声明，内容涉及到强生公司最近获批的新冠肺炎疫苗。声明称，美国天主教徒应该尽可能避免接种强生疫苗，但是如果没有其它选择，这样做在道德上也是可以接受的。

The statement came days after the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Johnson & Johnson's one-shot vaccine for emergency use against COVID-19. The emergency approval gave Americans a third vaccine to protect against the new coronavirus.

在这份声明发表的几天之前，美国食品和药品监督管理局批准了强生公司的单针疫苗用于预防新冠肺炎的紧急用途。这次紧急批准为美国人提供了第三种预防新冠病毒的疫苗。

The Catholic clergy⁴ said on March 2 that the approval raised questions about the morality of "using vaccines⁵ developed, tested, and/or produced with the help of abortion⁶-derived cell lines." Abortion is a medical operation that ends the life of a human fetus⁷.

天主教神职人员于3月2日称，这次批准引发了人们对接种在流产衍生细胞系帮助下开发、试验，和/或生产的疫苗的道德质疑。流产是终结人类胎儿生命的一种医学手段。

The clergy said that the Johnson & Johnson vaccine "was developed, tested and is produced with abortion-derived cell lines raising additional moral concerns." They noted⁸ that Pfizer and Moderna's vaccines used abortion-derived cell lines "for testing them, but not in their production."

神职人员表示，强生疫苗采用了流产衍生细胞系进行开发、试验和生产，这引起了更多的道德关注。他们指出，辉瑞和莫德纳的疫苗采用了流产衍生细胞系进行试验，但是不涉及生产过程。

The statement came although Johnson & Johnson said "there is no fetal tissue in the vaccine."

尽管强生公司声称疫苗中不含胎儿组织，但是该声明还是发表了。

The clergy's comment re-started a debate among American Catholics over which COVID-19 vaccine to use or whether to get vaccinated⁹ at all.

这些神职人员的言论再度引发了美国天主教徒之间就应该接种哪种疫苗或是否接种疫苗的辩论。

Last December, the Vatican said "it is morally acceptable to receive Covid-19 vaccines that have used cell lines from aborted¹⁰ fetuses¹¹ in their research and production process." However, it said that is the case "when ethically¹³ irreproachable¹⁴ COVID-19 vaccines are not available."

梵蒂冈去年12月表示，“从道德上讲，接种在研发及生产中使用了流产胎儿细胞系的疫苗是可以接受的。”但是，它说的是无法获得在道德上无可指摘的疫苗的情况下。

The Vatican did not name any vaccine in its statement. At the time, only two COVID-19 vaccines, from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna, were approved by the FDA and other European health agencies for emergency use.

梵蒂冈在声明中并未提及任何疫苗。当时，只有辉瑞-新生物科技以及莫德纳的两种疫苗被美国食品和药品监督管理局和其它欧洲卫生机构批准用于紧急用途。

Pope Francis received his first shot of the Pfizer vaccine in January. He said taking a vaccine was "an ethical¹² action" because it involved the lives of others as well as one's own.

教皇方济各于今年1月份接种了第一剂辉瑞疫苗。他说，接种疫苗是一种道德行为，因为它既关乎他人性命，又关乎自己性命。

The Vatican also announced in February that any Vatican employee who refuses to get a coronavirus shot without a medical reason could be fired.

梵蒂冈还在2月份宣布，任何因为非医疗原因拒绝接种新冠疫苗的梵蒂冈雇员都可能被解雇。

On Tuesday, the American clergy said that "if one has the ability to choose a vaccine, Pfizer or Moderna's vaccines should be chosen over Johnson & Johnson's." On the same day, U.S. President Joe Biden announced that American drug-maker Merck will help produce the newly-approved Johnson & Johnson vaccine.

美国神职人员周二表示，“如果有能力选择疫苗，则应该优先选择辉瑞或莫德纳公司的疫苗，而不是强生公司的疫苗。”同一天，美国总统拜登宣布美国制药商默克公司将帮助生产新批准的强生疫苗。

Biden is the second American Catholic president and known for his faith. He said he wanted "to have enough vaccine supply for every adult in America by the end of May."

拜登是美国第二位信奉天主教的总统，并以其宗教信仰而闻名。他说，他希望到5月底为所有美国成年人提供足够的疫苗供应。

Bishop¹ Robert McElroy is head of the large Catholic Diocese of San Diego in California. He talked about the vaccines from Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson and the one awaiting approval from AstraZeneca. The Catholic official said, "it is entirely¹⁵ morally legitimate¹⁶ to receive any of these four vaccines, and to recognize, as Pope Francis has noted, that in receiving them we are truly showing love for our neighbor and our God."

罗伯特·麦克罗伊主教是加州圣地亚哥天主教大教区的负责人。他谈到了辉瑞、莫德纳、强生公司的疫苗，以及阿斯利康公司正在等待批准的疫苗。这位天主教主教表示：“接种这4种疫苗中的任何一种在道德上都是完全合法的，并且正如教皇方济各所指出的，接种疫苗实际上是展示我们对邻居以及上帝的爱。”

Americans, however, may have no choice.

然而美国人可能别无选择。

People are generally offered vaccines as they become available. Additionally, the Johnson & Johnson single shot can be stored at normal refrigeration temperature making it easier for vaccination¹⁷. The two-shot vaccines from Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna require extremely cold storage.

人们通常会在疫苗一有货时就接种。此外，强生公司的单针疫苗可以在正常的冷藏温度下保存，因此更便于接种。辉瑞-新生物科技以及莫德纳公司的两针疫苗需要极低温冷藏。

1 bishop   

n.主教，（国际象棋）象

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• Two years after his death the bishop was canonised.主教逝世两年后被正式封为圣者。

2 bishops   

（基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教( bishop的名词复数 )； （国际象棋的）象

参考例句：

• Each player has two bishops at the start of the game. 棋赛开始时，每名棋手有两只象。
• "Only sheriffs and bishops and rich people and kings, and such like. “他劫富济贫，抢的都是郡长、主教、国王之类的富人。

3 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

4 clergy   

n.[总称]牧师，神职人员

参考例句：

• I could heartily wish that more of our country clergy would follow this example.我衷心希望，我国有更多的牧师效法这个榜样。
• All the local clergy attended the ceremony.当地所有的牧师出席了仪式。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

7 fetus   

n.胎，胎儿

参考例句：

• In the fetus,blood cells are formed in different sites at different ages.胎儿的血细胞在不同时期生成在不同的部位。
• No one knows why a fetus is not automatically rejected by the mother's immune system. 没有人知道为什么母亲的免疫系统不会自动排斥胎儿。

8 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

9 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

10 aborted   

adj.流产的，失败的v.（使）流产( abort的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）（某事物）中止；（因故障等而）（使）（飞机、宇宙飞船、导弹等）中断飞行；（使）（飞行任务等）中途失败

参考例句：

• The rocket flight had to be aborted because of difficulties with computer. 因电脑出故障，这次火箭飞行只好中辍。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They aborted the space flight finally. 他们最后中止了这次宇航飞行。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 fetuses   

n.胎，胎儿( fetus的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• DNA was extracted from fetuses at mid-gestation, about 10 days past conception. DNA从受孕大约10天后的中期妊娠胚胎中提取。 来自互联网
• Brucellosis is a disease that causes fetuses to abort in cattle. 普鲁士菌病是一种可以导致牲畜胎儿夭折的疾病。 来自互联网

12 ethical   

adj.伦理的，道德的，合乎道德的

参考例句：

• It is necessary to get the youth to have a high ethical concept.必须使青年具有高度的道德观念。
• It was a debate which aroused fervent ethical arguments.那是一场引发强烈的伦理道德争论的辩论。

13 ethically   

adv.在伦理上，道德上

参考例句：

• Ethically , we have nothing to be ashamed about . 从伦理上说，我们没有什么好羞愧的。
• Describe the appropriate action to take in an ethically ambiguous situation. 描述适当行为采取在一个道德地模棱两可的情况。

14 irreproachable   

adj.不可指责的，无过失的

参考例句：

• It emerged that his past behavior was far from irreproachable.事实表明，他过去的行为绝非无可非议。
• She welcomed her unexpected visitor with irreproachable politeness.她以无可指责的礼仪接待了不速之客。

15 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

16 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

17 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。